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Proposed updates to the Illinois Urban Manual regarding Tree & Forest Ecosystem Protection.

PUBLIC NOTICE

Illinois Urban Manual (IUM) Standard Update

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Chicago District

IUM Standard NUMBERs: Tree & Forest Ecosystem Protection IUM #984, Tree Protection Augering, IUM # 991, Tree Protection, IUM # 990A (In moderately urbanized to open spaces, Tree Protection, IUM 990B ( In highly urbanized areas with existing Green and Gray Infrastructure conflicts).

COmment Period Begins: November 13, 2017 Comment Period Expires: December 13, 2017

DESCRIPTION OF STANDARD

The standards Tree & Forest Ecosystem Protection #994, Tree Protection-Augering, #991, Tree Protection (In moderately urbanized to open spaces) # 990A, Tree Protection (In highly urbanized areas with existing Green and Gray Infrastructure conflicts). The associated drawings are now being updated by the IUM Technical Review Committee (TRC). The TRC is comprised of representatives of various regulatory agencies, consultants, developers, and other stakeholders. The Illinois Urban Manual is the primary technical manual for Erosion and Sediment Control in the State of Illinois, and is in the process of being updated as a result of advances in product development and associated operation and maintenance practices.

The Corps of Engineers and the IUM Technical Review Committee is requesting comments from erosion and sediment control professionals, developers, engineers, contractors, and all other interested parties on the enclosed attached standard. The comments will be reviewed by the Technical Review Committee prior to the finalization of the IUM update. The approved standard will be incorporated into the Illinois Urban Manual immediately upon approval by the IUM Steering Committee and Illinois Environmental Protection Agency.

Interested parties wishing to comment on the updated standard must do so in writing no later than December 13, 2017. It is presumed that all parties receiving this notice will wish to respond to this public notice; therefore, a lack of response will be interpreted as meaning that there is no objection to the "standard" as described.

All comments regarding the proposed standard must be submitted to the following person:

Rick McAndless Illinois Urban Manuel Technical Review Committee Coordinator North Cook County Soil and Water Conservation District 6640 Cosman Road Elk Grove Village, IL 600007 Phone: (224) 875-7580 r.mcandless@northcookswcd.org

It should be noted that ALL comments received on this standard (via hard copy, or electronic) will only be accepted with the full name and address of the individual commenting.

This public notice is not a paid advertisement and is for public information only. Issuance of this notice does not imply Corps of Engineers endorsement of the standard as described.

If you have any questions regarding this public notice, please contact Kathy Chernich by telephone at (312) 846-5531, or email at kathy.g.chernich@usace.army.mil.

//ORIGINAL SIGNED//

Kathleen G. Chernich Chief, East Section Regulatory Branch

NOTICE TO POSTMASTERS:

It is requested that this notice be conspicuously and continuously posted until December 13, 2017.

PUBLIC NOTICE Illinois Urban Manual (IUM) Standard Update U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS CHICAGO DISTRICT

IUM STANDARD NUMBERS:

Tree & Forest Ecosystem Protection IUM #984, Tree Protection Augering, IUM # 991, Tree Protection, IUM # 990A (In moderately urbanized to open spaces, Tree Protection, IUM 990B ( In highly urbanized areas with existing Green and Gray Infrastructure conflicts).

COMMENT PERIOD BEGINS: COMMENT PERIOD EXPIRES:

November 13, 2017 December 13, 2017

DESCRIPTION OF STANDARD The standards Tree & Forest Ecosystem Protection #994, Tree Protection-Augering, #991, Tree Protection (In moderately urbanized to open spaces) # 990A, Tree Protection (In highly urbanized areas with existing Green and Gray Infrastructure conflicts). The associated drawings are now being updated by the IUM Technical Review Committee (TRC). The TRC is comprised of representatives of various regulatory agencies, consultants, developers, and other stakeholders. The Illinois Urban Manual is the primary technical manual for Erosion and Sediment Control in the State of Illinois, and is in the process of being updated as a result of advances in product development and associated operation and maintenance practices. The Corps of Engineers and the IUM Technical Review Committee is requesting comments from erosion and sediment control professionals, developers, engineers, contractors, and all other interested parties on the enclosed attached standard. The comments will be reviewed by the Technical Review Committee prior to the finalization of the IUM update. The approved standard will be incorporated into the Illinois Urban Manual immediately upon approval by the IUM Steering Committee and Illinois Environmental Protection Agency.

-2Interested parties wishing to comment on the updated standard must do so in writing no later than December 13, 2017. It is presumed that all parties receiving this notice will wish to respond to this public notice; therefore, a lack of response will be interpreted as meaning that there is no objection to the "standard" as described. All comments regarding the proposed standard must be submitted to the following person: Rick McAndless Illinois Urban Manuel Technical Review Committee Coordinator North Cook County Soil and Water Conservation District 6640 Cosman Road Elk Grove Village, IL 600007 Phone: (224) 875-7580 r.mcandless@northcookswcd.org It should be noted that ALL comments received on this standard (via hard copy, or electronic) will only be accepted with the full name and address of the individual commenting. This public notice is not a paid advertisement and is for public information only. Issuance of this notice does not imply Corps of Engineers endorsement of the standard as described. If you have any questions regarding this public notice, please contact Kathy Chernich by telephone at (312) 846-5531, or email at kathy.g.chernich@usace.army.mil.

//ORIGINAL SIGNED// Kathleen G. Chernich Chief, East Section Regulatory Branch

NOTICE TO POSTMASTERS: It is requested that this notice be conspicuously and continuously posted until December 13, 2017.

ILLINOIS URBAN MANUAL PRACTICE STANDARD

TREE AND FOREST ECOSYSTEM PRESERVATION (acre or sq. ft.) CODE 984

(Source: IN Drainage Handbook)

DEFINITION The preservation of contiguous stands of trees from damage during construction operations. PURPOSE The purpose of this practice is to preserve contiguous forested areas and stands of trees that have present and future value for erosion protection, wildlife habitat, landscape aesthetics and other economic and environmental benefits. CONDITIONS WHERE PRACTICE APPLIES This practice applies on development sites containing stands of trees. CRITERIA JULIE Before any work has begun, call JULIE- (Joint Utility Locating Information for Excavators) at 800-892-0123 at least 48 hours prior to any work being done. Equivalent local authorities shall also be contacted, where applicable.

DETERMINE THE CRITICAL FOREST EDGE ZONE The Critical Forest Edge Zone (CFEZ) is three foot outside the perimeter of the dripline and/or leaf canopy of the stand of trees to be protected. The area within the CFEZ shall be protected from damage during construction operations. WHEN TO START PRACTICE All required protection measures shall be installed prior to the commencement of any site development activity and shall remain in place and in working, functional order until all site development activities have ceased or the surrounding area has been stabilized and the site has been inspected. FENCING Per IUM Standard Drawing IUM-690-A ­ TREE PROTECTION­ FENCING, trees to be protected per the approved construction plan or by local ordinance shall be protected with fencing placed at the CFEZ. This area shall be protected from damage during construction operations.

984 - 1

Significant or historical trees to be protected shall require chain link tree protection fencing to be set at the CFEZ. For projects without highly significant or historical trees that will last for less than a six-month duration, a non-treated wood lath or wire-mesh fencing shall be used and the fence securely anchored to the posts. For projects over a six-month duration or trees that are considered significant or historical trees, a chain link fence with IUM Construction Specification 91 CHAIN LINK FENCE or better (as approved by the local Forester per local ordinances singularly or in tandem with the project Engineer) shall be used. IUM Standard Drawing IUM-690-A TREE PROTECTION ­ FENCING. Fencing shall be a minimum of 4 feet in height. For chain link fencing, metal posts shall be placed 6 feet maximum spacing on center (OC) and fencing securely anchored to the posts.

from the fence 10 feet and shall be continuous around the perimeter of the fence. These erosion control measures include, but are not limited to vegetative filter strip, rolled excelsior blankets or woodchip mulch with a minimum of 3 inches to a maximum of 5 inches deep. Other methods may be used if approved by the Professional Forester, Certified Arborist or equivalent professional. Installation shall cause no disturbance to soils. All foot or vehicular traffic or construction activities shall be kept outside of the CFEZ for the entire duration of the construction. As a precautionary measure, actions shall be taken to disperse the load, minimizing soil compaction and mechanical root damage around the CFEZ. These soil protection strategies to be implemented by non-mechanical methods such as:

No construction activities shall be permitted within the CFEZ. In addition, all roadways, parking areas, and storage areas shall be located 10 feet outside the CFEZ. Fences shall be maintained to prevent clearing, grading and development activities from encroaching within the CFEZ.

Applying and maintaining 10 to 12 inches of woodchip mulch to the area

Laying three-quarter inch minimum thick plywood, beams, commercial logging or road mats over a four inch or greater layer of woodchip mulch

SIGNAGE Notices shall be posted on the fences prohibiting dumping and disposal of waste near protected trees. Signs shall be posted that identify the fenced areas as CFEZ.

All methods and measures to be installed shall be approved by the Professional Forester or Certified Arborist or equivalent.

SOIL EROSION CONCERNS Soil erosion and sediment control measures shall be installed outside the CFEZ to prevent sediment from reaching the CFEZ. Per IUM Standard Drawing IUM690-A, these measures shall extend out

Stone and woodchip mulch exceeding four inches thick must be removed from the CFEZ once the threat of soil or root damage is passed. Any removal of vegetation or spreading of woodchip mulch materials within the CFEZ shall

984 - 2

be performed manually, and all efforts should be made to protect the soil.

When working within the boundary of a municipality, local authorities such as the Urban Forester, City Arborist, Municipal Forester, or Public Works/Streets Department officials should be contacted to determine locally enforced tree protection/preservation standards.

When utilities or other development features necessitate underground movement or excavation of the soil within the CFEZ, follow criteria in IUM Practice Standard Code 991 TREE PROTECTION - AUGERING. There shall be no trenching of any tree within the protected area of the CFEZ. For trees on the edge of the CFEZ that are considered to be historic or significant, it shall be required to provide additional tree trunk protection per IUM Standard Drawing IUM-690-C TREE TRUNK PROTECTION.

Tree surveys should be required for all parcels that contain mature woodlands, groves, young woodlands or significant trees. Tree surveys should identify the location, size (caliper), dripline/leaf canopy, species, and condition health rating of all trees having a diameter at breast height (DBH) of 12 inches or more or as designated in the local ordinance. Property line and hedgerow trees should be included in the tree survey. Required tree surveys and inventories should be conducted by a Professional Forester or Certified Arborist.

NO CHANGES IN CONTOUR Special care shall be taken to follow the natural drainage patterns to avoid unnatural flow to protected trees. Any changes to topography can cause the tree to get reduced or increased moisture over time thus eventually killing the tree. Water drainage patterns shall remain the same. Removal of topsoil around the tree is not allowed. The original grade shall be maintained. Any woody vegetation to be removed around the trees to remain shall be cut and not pulled out by equipment to avoid root injury to the remaining tree(s). Note: Measures must be installed according to a site-specific plan and in accordance with all applicable local, state, and federal laws and regulations. CONSIDERATIONS Preserving and protecting trees and other natural plant groups often result in more stable soil and aesthetically pleasing development.

It is recommended that a Professional Forester review the pre-construction plan; supervise/inspect the on-site tree protection operation; and review the site for compliance during the postconstruction phase. The CFEZ shall be shown on the plan sheet to scale to provide a better basis for site development evaluation. It is recommended that a Professional Forester, or Certified Arborist, Licensed Landscape Architect or an agency designee with biological, natural resource or environmental credentials select the trees to be preserved before siting roads, buildings or other structures. If trees are to be removed, it is recommended that a Professional

984 - 3

Forester or Certified Arborist should be present to supervise the tree removals to make recommendations to ensure the dropped trees minimize damage to protected trees. All trees to be removed will be recorded by stem diameter so the responsible party can conduct natural area mitigation by planting enough trees to replace the trees on at least one for one replacement schedule. A mitigation plan for damaged trees should be prepared in consultation with a Professional Forester or Certified Arborist and included with construction plans and contract documents.

4. Frailty of resources without existing trees 5. Potential for soil erosion with the absence of the forest cover 6. The loss of aesthetic quality of the site; existence of critical areas (such as flood plains, steep slopes, and wet lands) 7. Unique flora and fauna 8. Health and condition of the individual trees and the forest ecosystem 9. Loss of habitat and flora and fauna species diversity 10. Groups of trees to be saved on the erosion control plan 11. Alteration of drainage patterns and ground water tables.

Complete removal of all the trees on site followed by total site compaction well beyond the project perimeter/footprint is not recommended since it negatively impacts the ability of current and future trees to grow.

For areas with mixed forest with moderately or highly developed areas, multiple standards may need to be used.

For sites greater than 15 acres in size, that are unique examples of biodiversity, (as identified by authorized agencies/ commissions) or where the area will be greatly impacted by the project and no other viable option exists, a natural resources team consisting of a Forester, Soil Scientist, and Botanist should be formed to determine the alternative that least damages the resource.

Plans and specifications for tree and forest ecosystem preservation shall be in keeping with this standard and will describe the requirements for applying the practice. At a minimum include the following items:

The following features should be considered when developing sites in and around wooded areas: 1. Rare and endangered species 2. Historical or archeological significance 3. Quantity and quality of forested area in the county or local governmental area and the potential for forest fragmentation

PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS

1. Forested areas to be preserved. 2. Location and type of fencing to be used to protect the trees. 3. Locations of construction areas, traffic patterns and roadways, storage areas and parking pads, and the construction project in relationship to the CFEZ to be preserved. 4. Indicate verbiage on signs to be attached to the fence and their types and locations. 5. Identify soil sediment control measures outside the CFEZ.

984 - 4

All plans shall include the installation, inspection and maintenance schedules with the responsible person clearly identified. IUM Standard Drawing IUM-690-A- B TREE PROTECTION ­ FENCING; IUM Standard Drawing IUM-690-C TREE TRUNK PROTECTION and IUM Standard Drawing IUM-690-D TREE ROOT PROTECTION FOR AUGERING PRACTICES (Highly Urbanized Areas). and other tree protection measures may be used as the plan sheet.

Illinois Department of Natural Resources ­ Urban and Community Forestry Web Page Technical Resources http://www.dnr.illinois.gov/conservation/ Forestry/UrbanForestry/Pages/default.a spx

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

American National Standards for Tree Care Operations ­ Trees, Shrubs, and Other Woody Plant Maintenance Standard Practice (Pruning) ANSI A300 (Part 1)

On active construction sites protected areas should be inspected at least every 7 days for compliance and any repairs made as needed. The protective signs and fences shall be removed only after all construction work has been finished, including final grading and shaping of the site, and the site has been inspected by a professional forester for damages to the trees. Inspections shall include a listing of trees with damage to trunks, mounding of soil around the trunk, evidence of root damage, and evidence of improper pruning. REFERENCES Websites International Society of Arboriculture http://www.isaarbor.com/store/category.aspx?cid=91 USDA FS How to Prune Trees http://na.fs.fed.us/pubs/detail.cfm?id=26 02

Morton Arboretum. 2015. Selecting and Planting Trees. The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL http://www.mortonarb.org/treesplants/tree-and-plant-selection-0 Publications

American National Standards for Institute, Inc. Safety Requirements for Tree care Operations, Z133.1 most current version. American Association of Nurserymen, 2014. American Standards for Nursery Stock. ANSI Z60.1. American National Standards Institute, Inc., Washington D.C. Clark and Metheny, 1998. Trees and Development: A Technical Guide to Preservation of Trees During Land Development. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL Fazio, J.R., ed., 2011. How to Save Trees During Construction. Tree City USA Bulletin #7. The National Arbor Day Foundation, Nebraska City, NE Fazio, J.R., ed., 2010. A Systematic Approach to Building With Trees. Tree City USA Bulletin #20. The National Arbor Day Foundation, Nebraska City, NE

984 - 5

Fazio, J.R., ed., 2013 How to Manage Community Natural Areas. Tree City USA Bulletin #27. The National Arbor Day Foundation, Nebraska City, NE Fazio, J.R Trenching and Tunneling Near Trees, The National Arbor Day Foundation, Nebraska City, NE Gilman, Edward and Sharon Lilly. 2008. Best Management Practices ­ Tree Pruning. International Society of Arboriculture. Gulick, Jennifer, Senior Urban Forester. 2015. Major Construction Impacts and Methods to Minimize Damage. Davey Resources Group. Hightshoe. G.L.1988. Native Trees and Shrubs and Vines for Urban and Rural America. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY 10003. 819 P. Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Division of Forest Resources, 2015. Urban and Community Forestry Program Tree Planting Standards, Springfield, IL

Smiley, E. Thomas and Kelby Fite. October 2016. Preserving Trees During Construction Arborist News Volume 25 Number 5. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL Standard Specifications for Road and bridge Construction, 2012. Illinois Department of Transportation. Tree Care Industry Association. 2015. ANSI A300 Pruning Standards ­ Part 1. Tree Care Industry Association. American National Standards Institute, Inc. Tree Care Industry Association. 2012. ANSI A300 Construction Management ­ Part 5. Tree Care Industry Association. Watson, G. and E.B. Himelick, 1997. Principles and Practices of Planting Trees and Shrubs. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL Wenger, K, 1996. The Forestry Handbook. Society of American Foresters, Bethesda, MD Videos

International Society of Arboriculture. ISA's Best Management Practices: Managing Trees During Construction. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL

Root Injury and Tree Health. Illinois Arborists, the Morton Arboretum, the USDA Forest Service and the International Society of Arboriculture.

Miller, Nancy, David M. Rathke and Gary R. Johnson. 1999. Protecting Trees form Construction Damage: A Homeowner's Guide. University of Minnesota Extension.

Trenching and Tunneling: A Video Guide for Excavating Around Trees. The Davey Resource Group. The International Society of Arboriculture and the Utility Arborist Association.

Morton Arboretum. 2015. Selecting and Planting Trees. The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL

Effects of Construction Damage to Trees in Wooded Areas. Mark Timmons and John Hartman. International Society of Arboriculture.

Pirone's Tree Maintenance. 7th Edition

984 - 6

Avoidance of Construction Damage to Trees on Wooded Lots. Mark Timmons and John Hartman. University of Kentucky Agricultural Communications. September, 2017

urbst984.doc

984 - 7

ILLINOIS URBAN MANUAL PRACTICE STANDARD

TREE PROTECTION - AUGERING (each) CODE 991

(Source: Tree City USA Bulletin No. 35)

DEFINITION Underground construction such as utility work by augering (tunneling) through an individual tree's Tree Protection Critical Root Zone (TPCRZ).

PURPOSE The purpose of this practice is to preserve trees with the use of augering in place of trenching where green and gray infrastructure conflict with vegetation. By restricting trenching around trees and mandating augering around trees roots as a way to reduce damage to and loss of individual trees due to root severing. It is to be applied where underground construction involves a tree's Critical Root Zone (CRZ) both above and below ground. CONDITIONS WHERE PRACTICE APPLIES This practice is to be applied to areas of development that are in close proximity

with infrastructure and trees and where these elements are in direct conflict.

CRITERIA This standard is to be used with the IUM Practice Standard Code 990A - TREE PROTECTION In Moderately Urbanized to Open Space Areas or IUM Practice Standard Code 990B ­ TREE PROTECTION In Highly Urbanized Areas with Existing Green and Gray Infrastructure Conflicts or IUM Practice Standard Code 984 -TREE AND FOREST ECOSYSTEM PRESERVATION. LOCAL AUTHORITY When working within the boundary of a municipality, local authorities such as the Professional Urban Forester, City Arborist, Municipal Forester, contractual Certified Arborist, Horticulturist, or Public Works officials should be contacted to determine locally enforced tree augering requirements. JULIE Before any work has begun, call JULIE- (Joint Utility Locating Information for Excavators) at 800-892-0123 at least 991 - 1

48 hours prior to any work being done. Equivalent local authorities shall also be contacted, where applicable. DETERMINE THE TREE PROTECTION CRITICAL ROOT ZONE Tree protection starts with determining the Tree Protection Critical Root Zone (TPCRZ) or area where the majority of roots are located and where tree protection fencing shall be located. The TPCRZ is located one foot outside the Critical Root Zone (CRZ). To determine the CRZ, one of the two techniques shall be used. The first is by using the definition of CRZ or two feet outside the perimeter of the leaf canopy or drip line of the tree to be protected using the length of the longest branch in feet as the radius of the circle. The second technique is to determine CRZ by referring to Table 1 Guidelines for determining tree protection zone (TPZ) radius for healthy, structurally sound trees per the International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) Best Practice for Managing Trees During Construction. This method measures the diameter (in inches) at 4.5 feet above ground (DBH diameter breast height) in combination with the trees age and tolerance to construction. See Table 2 - Species Tolerance Ratings. The contractor shall use whichever method affords the greatest protection for the tree or whichever creates the larger CRZ area and then add an additional one foot to create the TPCRZ. DISTANCE FOR AUGERING Augering shall be done at the TPCRZ or according to the augering requirements distance per Table 3 using the distance and augering depth that best protects the tree roots.

The TPCRZ area shall be protected from damage during construction operations using IUM Standard Drawing IUM-690-B ­ TREE PROTECTION ­ FENCING and IUM Standard Drawing IUM-690-C - TREE PROTECTION TRUNK PROTECTION and IUM Standard Drawing IUM-690-D ­ TREE ROOT PROTECTION FOR AUGERING PRACTICES Per IUM Practice Standards 990A, 990B, and 984 all required tree protection measures including fencing and tree trunk protection, shall be installed prior to the commencement of any site development activity and shall remain in working, functional order until all site construction work has been finished and the site inspected by a Professional Forester for damages to trees. Protection measures, including fencing and signage, shall follow criteria in IUM Practice Standard Code 990A - TREE PROTECTION In Moderately Urbanized to Open Space Areas or IUM Practice Standard Code 990B ­ TREE PROTECTION In Highly Urbanized Areas with Existing Green and Gray Infrastructure Conflicts. Open trenching in the root zone of a tree is prohibited except when the trenching falls outside the TPCRZ. Roots must not be removed from more than one side of the tree in any given year. All excavation holes are to be covered in a wet tarp or wet burlap and kept moist for the duration of the construction project to protect the roots from desiccation (Roots drying out). In some situations, it may be necessary to hand

991 - 2

dig trenches, employ water excavation or an air spade to locate and preserve the roots. All trees located where there is insufficient space to bypass the TPCRZ must be augered. Augering activity shall not occur on more than one side of the tree and shall follow distance and depth requirements in Table 3. TABLE 3.AUGERING REQUIREMENTS Tree Diameter (in.)

Depth of Augering (ft.)

1-4

Distance of Augering from Tree Trunk each side (ft.) 3

5-9

5

3

10-14

10

15-19

12

20 inches or more

15

4

ROOT CARE The following shall be avoided: 1. Making deep cuts that sever a large portion of the root system, depriving the tree of water and increasing the tree's chance of wind throw. 2. Compacting the soil within the area not designated for augering. 3. Any other actions, (such as depositing concrete wash which hardens the surface area) within 10 feet of the TPCRZ.

If any roots are impacted during the construction process they shall be properly pruned. Consultation with a Professional Forester or Certified Arborist is required on all tree roots greater than one half inches (1/2") in diameter that are encountered in any construction process because of future potential liability. The tree roots shall be cut cleanly with an appropriate saw or pruning shear or other tool specifically designed for cutting wood. Axes or other such chopping tools shall not be used. Shovels or other tools designed for digging shall not be used. All roots impacted shall be properly pruned according to the ISA pruning standard and associated ANSI A300 standards Part 1. The use of heavy equipment such as a backhoe for tree root pruning shall be prohibited.

CONSIDERATIONS In some situations, hand digging of roots or the use of an air spade or hydro excavation tool is needed. In these cases, burlap should be used to cover up the exposed roots to help keep them alive and from drying out. When site soil resources have been greatly altered, it is recommended that soil restoration strategies be implemented by non-mechanical methods such as: 1. Scarifying compacted areas, 2. Adding top soil in areas of extreme erosion,

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3. Adding about 12 inches of well-rotted leaf compost, and 4. Adding ground cover using herbaceous vegetation or young shrub vegetation. Use of native species is encouraged. PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS Plans and specifications for augering operations shall be in keeping with this standard and will describe the requirements for applying the practice. At a minimum include the following items: 1. The individual trees to be protected and the location of the proposed auger tunnel. 2. The location and type of fencing to be used to protect trees indicating the distance for placing the fencing around the TPCRZ. 3. Locations of roadways, storage areas, truck clean-out areas, and parking pads, in relationship to the trees to be protected. 4. Types and locations of signs. 5. A mitigation plan for damaged trees should be prepared in consultation with a Professional Forester or Certified Arborist and included with the construction plans and contract documents. All plans shall include the installation, inspection and maintenance schedules with the responsible person clearly identified. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

The protective signs and fences will be removed only after all construction work has been finished and the site has been inspected by a professional forester for damages to the trees. It is recommended that on-site inspections be conducted during construction. The requirements that apply to field revisions notification and approval process of changes to augering type, size and location shall be monitored to determine compliance with augering specifications. REFERENCES Website http://www2.champaign.isa-arbor.com/c atalog/publications.html Publications Clark and Metheny, 1998. Trees and Development: A Technical Guide to Preservation of Trees During Land Development. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL Fazio, J.R Trenching and Tunneling Near Trees, The National Arbor Day Foundation, Nebraska City, NE Gulick, Jennifer, Senior Urban Forester. 2015. Major Construction Impacts and Methods to Minimize Damage. Davey Resources Group. International Society of Arboriculture. ISA's Best Management Practices: Managing Trees During Construction. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL Smiley, E. Thomas and Kelby Fite. October 2016. Preserving Trees During Construction Arborist News Volume 25

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Number 5. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL

Forest Service, and the International Society of Arboriculture.

Watson, G. and E.B. Himelick, 1997. Principles and Practices of Planting Trees and Shrubs. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL

Trenching and Tunneling: A Video Guide for Excavating Around Trees. Davey Resource Group, International Society of Arboriculture, and the Utility Arborist Association.

Videos September, 2017 Root Injury and Tree Health. Illinois Arborists, Morton Arboretum, USDA

991 - 5

urbst991.doc

Table 1. Guidelines for determining tree protection zone (TPZ) radius for healthy, structurally sound trees per the ISA Best Management Practices: Managing Trees During Construction. Species Tolerance

Relative Tree age*

TPZ Multiplication Factor

High

Young Mature Overmature

6 8 12

Medium

Young Mature Overmature

8 12 15

Low

Young Mature Overmature

12 15 18

DBH (inches) x TPZ Multiplication Factor = TPZ radius (inches) Note: TPZ is the same as the CRZ in this standard. *Consult with a local Professional Forester or Certified Arborist

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TABLE 2. TREE Species Tolerance to Root Severance and Soil Compaction

TREE SPECIES

ROOT SEVERANCE Tolerance

Soil Compaction Tolerance

Basswood

Intermediate

Sensitive

Blue beech

Sensitive

Sensitive

Butternut

Sensitive

Intermediate

Paper birch

Intermediate

Sensitive

River birch

Tolerant

Tolerant

Boxelder

Tolerant

Tolerant

Ohio Buckeye

Intermediate

Intermediate

Catalpa

Intermediate

Tolerant

Kentucky Coffeetree

Intermediate

Intermediate

Eastern Cottonwood

Tolerant

Tolerant

Red-Osier Dogwood

Tolerant

Intermediate

American Elm

Tolerant

Intermediate

Slippery Elm

Tolerant

Intermediate

Hackberry

Tolerant

Intermediate

Hawthorn

Intermediate

Intermediate

Bitternut Hickory

Intermediate

Intermediate

Honeylocust

Tolerant

Intermediate

Ironwood

Sensitive

Sensitive

Black Locust

Tolerant

Sensitive

Red maple

Tolerant

Tolerant

Silver maple

Tolerant

Tolerant

Sugar Maple

Intermediate

Sensitive

Mountain ash

Tolerant

Intermediate

991 - 7

Black oak

Sensitive

Sensitive

Bur oak

Moderately Tolerant

Intermediate

Northern Pin Oak

Sensitive

Sensitive

Red Oak

Moderately Tolerant

Sensitive

Bicolor or Swamp Oak

Intermediate

Tolerant

White Oak

Sensitive

Sensitive

Wild Plum

Tolerant

Sensitive

Serviceberry

Intermediate

Sensitive

Black Walnut

Sensitive

Intermediate

Black Willow

Tolerant

Tolerant

991 - 8

ILLINOIS URBAN MANUAL PRACTICE STANDARD

TREE PROTECTION In Moderately Urbanized to Open Space Areas (each) CODE 990A

(Source: IN Drainage Handbook)

DEFINITION

ECOSYSTEM PRESERVATION for information on preserving stands of trees. Refer to IUM Practice Standard Code 990B TREE PROTECTION IN HIGHLY URBANIZED AREAS for areas where the green and gray infrastructure is highly intertwined.

The protection of individual trees from damage during construction operations in moderately urbanized or open space areas. PURPOSE The purpose of this practice is to reduce damage and loss of individual trees during construction by implementing pre- to post-construction tree protection procedures. CONDITIONS WHERE PRACTICE APPLIES This standard should be used when no local ordinance exists or in tandem with local tree protection ordinances. This practice applies on development sites containing individual trees and/or adjacent offset trees that may be affected by the onsite construction. Refer to IUM Practice Standard Code 984 -TREE AND FOREST

CRITERIA LOCAL AUTHORITY When working within the boundary of a municipality, local authorities such as the Urban Forester, City Arborist, Municipal Forester or Horticulturist, or Public Works officials should be contacted to determine locally enforced tree protection/preservation standards. JULIE Before any construction work has begun, call JULIE- (Joint Utility Locating Information for Excavators) at 800-8920123 at least 48 hours prior. Equivalent local authorities shall also be contacted, by the contractor. DETERMINE THE TREE PROTECTION CRITICAL ROOT ZONE Tree Protection starts with determining the Tree

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Protection Critical Root Zone (TPCRZ) or area where the majority of roots are located and where tree protection fencing shall be located. The TPCRZ is located one foot outside the Critical Root Zone (CRZ).

wood lath snow fence or wire-mesh fencing shall be used and securely anchored to the posts.

To determine the CRZ, one of the following two techniques shall be used. The first is by using the definition of CRZ or two feet outside the perimeter of the leaf canopy or drip line of the tree to be protected using the length of the longest branch as the radius of the circle. The second technique is to determine the CRZ by referring to Table 1. Guidelines for determining the tree protection zone (TPZ) radius for healthy, structurally sound trees per the International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) Best Practice for Managing Trees During Construction. This method measures the diameter in inches at 4.5 feet above ground (DBH diameter breast height) in combination with the trees age and tolerance to construction. See Table 2. for Species Tolerance Ratings. The contractor shall use whichever method affords the greatest protection for the tree or whichever creates the larger CRZ area and then add an additional one foot to create the TPCRZ. FENCING Protect trees identified in the approved construction plan or by local ordinance with fencing using IUM Standard Drawing IUM-690-A TREE PROTECTION ­ FENCING. The fencing shall be located at the TPCRZ edge. Protect this area from damage during construction operations. For projects without highly significant or historical trees and that will last for less than six-month duration, a non-treated

For projects lasting over a six-month duration or for projects with trees that are considered significant or historical, install a chain link fence using IUM Construction Specification 91 CHAIN LINK FENCE or better (as approved by the local Professional Forester per local ordinances singularly or in tandem with the project Engineer). Per the IUM Standard Drawing IUM-690-A TREE PROTECTION - FENCING, the fencing shall be a minimum of 4 feet in height. For chain link fencing, metal posts shall be placed a maximum distance of 6 feet on center (OC) and the fencing securely anchored to the posts. SIGNAGE Notices shall be posted on the fences prohibiting dumping and disposal of waste near protected trees. Signs shall be posted that identify the fenced areas as TPCRZ. SOIL EROSION CONCERNS Outside the TPCRZ, erosion and sediment control measures shall be installed to prevent sediment reaching the TPCRZ. Per IUM Standard Drawing IUM-690-A, these measures shall extend out from the fence 10 feet and shall be continuous around the perimeter of the fence. These measures include, but are not limited to vegetative filter strip, rolled excelsior blankets and woodchip mulch three to five inches deep. Other methods may be used if approved by the Professional Forester, Certified Arborist or equivalent professional. Installation shall cause no disturbance to soils. All foot or vehicular traffic or construction activities shall be kept

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outside of the TPCRZ for the entire duration of the construction. Woodchip mulch exceeding four inches must be removed from the TPCRZ once the threat of soil or root damage is passed. Any removal of vegetation or spreading of woodchip mulch materials within the TPCRZ shall be performed manually, and all efforts should be made to protect the soil. ROOT/SOIL MANAGEMENT No construction activities, including the placement of topsoil, shall be permitted within the TPCRZ. Adding of woodchip mulch shall be done manually as specified in the contract, construction plan or equivalent document. All roadways, parking areas, and storage areas, parking, maneuvering of machinery, stockpiling of materials, or any other construction activities shall be located 10 feet outside any TPCRZ of trees and plants designated to be protected. The contractor shall give sufficient notice to the appropriate authorities concerning any soil disturbance activities that would occur adjacent to the TPCRZ. NO CHANGE IN CONTOUR Special care shall be taken to follow the natural drainage patterns to avoid unnatural flow to protected trees. Any changes to topography can cause the tree to receive reduced or increased moisture over time. Plans should consider the implications of changes in drainage. Changes in contour could also cause run-off with salt or herbicides that could kill or harm the trees and allow other pollutants moving or settling near the tree. Depending on tree species this may eventually kill the tree.

Water drainage patterns should remain the same. In drought years and subsequent years, (depending on ground water recharge), consideration should be given to avoid reductions in soil moisture and/or groundwater table changes or increases or reductions during and after construction. Removal of topsoil around the tree is prohibited. The original grade should be maintained. Any woody vegetation to be removed around the trees to remain should be cut and not pulled out by equipment to avoid root injury to the remaining tree(s). WHEN TO START PRACTICE All required protection measures shall be installed prior to the commencement of any site development activity and shall remain in place and in working, functional order until all site development activities have ceased or the surrounding area has been stabilized and the site has been inspected. If at any time fencing has been damaged, work shall be halted and fencing replaced at Contractor's cost. Once fencing has been replaced, work shall commence. At no point during site development shall protected trees be left without fencing. The protective signs and fences will be removed only after all construction work has been finished and the site inspected by a Professional Forester, Certified Arborist or equivalent for damages to the trees. TRENCHING IS PROHIBITED Creating a trench through the tree roots within the TPCRZ is prohibited. The alternative to trenching is augering. See IUM Practice Standard Code 991 TREE PROTECTION - AUGERING.

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BRANCH/ROOT PROTECTION AND BRANCH/ROOT PRUNING Branches or roots of protected trees impacted outside the TPCRZ shall be pruned according to the ISA Pruning Standard and associated American National Standards Institute (ANSI) A300 Standards. Sufficient advance notification of trenching activities needs to be given to the inspectors of the root pruning. All root pruning shall be done under the supervision of a Professional Forester or an ISA Certified Arborist. Pruning should meet or exceed ANSI A300 or approved ISA Tree Care Industry Standards. The appropriate pruning tool should be used to make a clean cut. The use of heavy equipment such as a backhoe for tree root pruning shall be prohibited. Axes, shovels, back hoes or other such potential severing devises not specifically engineered for tree root pruning shall not be used. Removal or breaking off branches of the protected trees will not be allowed.

Certified Arborist in charge. The root pruned trees shall be noted on the plans by the Professional Forester or Certified Arborist.

All tree roots impacted during construction shall be properly pruned. All tree roots greater than one half inches (1/2") in diameter that are encountered in any construction process shall be cut cleanly with an appropriate saw or pruning shear or other tool specifically designed for cutting wood as defined by ISA and ANSI standards.

All measures must be installed according to a site-specific plan and in accordance with all applicable local, state, and federal laws and regulations.

In situations where roots, extending outside the TPCRZ, are impacted or need root pruning or special tree care is required, all root pruning and associated tree care shall be done by a Professional Forester or Certified Arborist per industry standards. In these situations, root pruning, using an approved mechanical root pruning saw, shall be performed prior to digging as directed by the Professional Forester or

Refer to Table 2." Tree Species Tolerance to Root Severance and Soil Compaction." SEEK PROFESSIONAL ADVISEMENT On construction sites where green and gray infrastructure are highly intertwined, use IUM Practice Standard Code 990B TREE PROTECTION In Highly Urbanized Areas With Existing Green and Gray Infrastructure Conflicts in consultation with a local Professional Forester or Certified Arborist concerning species tolerance to disturbance. REMOVALS Trees not identified to be protected per local ordinance or construction plans may be removed per the advisement of the local Professional Forester or Certified Arborist in charge.

CONSIDERATIONS Consideration should be given to post construction protection of trees that were designated as "protected trees" during the construction activities. One example is to create a Conservancy Easement to preserve the trees that were protected during construction activities. For highly significant trees consider increasing the Tree Protection Critical Root Zone (TPCRZ) to 2 to 3 times to further minimize impact to tree roots. Also consider protecting the

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tree trunk using IUM Standard Drawing IUM-690-C TREE TRUNK PROTECTION. Operations of the equipment should not break the plane of the fencing regardless of the type of tree trunk protection installed.

9. Impact on property value and aesthetic,

A Professional Forester or Certified Arborist should be consulted for any clearing of trees and any actions that deviate from criteria within this standard. On-site supervision is recommended.

11. Ability to moderate temperature changes, provide shade and reduce wind forces,

10. Ability to screen noise and visual improprieties or ability to enhance privacy,

The dripline/leaf canopy shall be shown on the plan sheet to scale to provide a better basis for site development evaluation.

12. Per local ordinance and consultation with the local Professional Forester and/or Certified Arborist, determine if the tree(s) within the project area has historic, big, unique or protected designation.

Consider the following when evaluating trees to be saved:

Trees to be removed should be evaluated using the following criteria: 1. In the opinion of the Professional Forester or Certified Arborist, there is a clear and reasonable risk of failure that could cause injury or property damage including existing utility service and no corrective measures are feasible.

1. Species and condition (maintain a diversity of moderate to slower growing trees in good condition), 2. Above the minimum inches of tree diameter as designated by local ordinance, 3. Long-term suitability of the tree for its present location, 4. Length of time to mitigate losses,

2. Tree is dead. 3. The tree is in poor condition with several dead branches or major crack(s).

5. Cost of mitigating tree losses, 6. Expected long-term maintenance costs for the tree compared to other trees of the same age/size,

4. Contiguous and fatal disease is present as diagnosed by a trained Entomologist, Plant Pathologist or Professional Forester.

7. Soil erosion prevention and reduction of storm water runoff,

5. The tree is below the minimum inches in diameter as designated by local ordinance.

8. The number of other trees growing under the same conditions and the precedent that would be set by removing the tree in question,

6. Current tree damage is beyond repair or the tree is in extremely 990A - 5

poor shape due to storm damage or previous mechanical injury. 7. There is a potential of the tree to damage existing or future hardscape features such as driveways or sidewalks and there is no gray infrastructure alternative. 8. There is no feasible way to avoid disturbing the soil around, grading over or placing a hardened surface within the TPCRZ and the tree is an oak, hickory, red bud, horse chestnut, Kentucky coffee tree, larch, honey locust, or conifer and after consultation with a Professional Forester there is agreement that the tree would not survive the impact of the disturbance. Consultation is required prior to using these criteria for tree removal.

13. Trees that are non-native species or invasive. A mitigation plan for damaged trees and removed trees should be prepared in consultation with a Professional Forester or Certified Arborist and included with construction plans and contract documents. A one for one tree replacement policy or greater should be implemented. When site soil resources have been greatly altered, it is recommended a soil restoration strategy be implemented by non-mechanical methods such as: 1. Scarifying compacted areas, 2. Adding top soil to the original grade in areas of extreme erosion. 3. Adding about 12 inches of well-rotted leaf compost,

9. Tree has a greater than 45degree lean toward traffic or another target or it creates an unsafe clearance or visual barrier/sight line for pedestrians or vehicular traffic.

4. Adding ground cover using herbaceous vegetation, shrubs, and trees. Use of native species is encouraged.

10. Tree is a fast growing or a weak wooded tree that is invasive such as box elder, silver maple, tree of heaven, Russian olive or black cherry. Exceptions may be made for large healthy specimens of these species. 11. Tree is within five feet of a structure or, when mature, will have a canopy spread that will overlap the structure. Consult with a Professional Forester or Certified Arborist.

12. The tree could be successfully transplanted with a tree spade.

5. When trees are to be within 25 feet of gray infrastructure, consider using pervious paving materials or installing aeration vents in impervious paving. Use paving materials requiring a minimum amount of excavation such as reinforced concrete vs. asphalt. Design traffic patterns to avoid heavy loads adjacent to trees. Specify minimum subgrade compaction under pavement near dripline. For areas with mixed forest with

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moderately or highly developed areas, multiple standards may need to be used.

protection on the plan. 8. Identify soil sedimentation and protection for outside the TPCRZ.

PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS Plans and specifications for tree protection shall be in keeping with this standard and will describe the requirements for applying the practice. At a minimum include the following items:

9. Include the installation, inspection, and maintenance schedules with the responsible party identified in all plans.

1. Identify all existing trees by species, location, diameter in inches (at 4 ½ feet above the ground) and condition. Clearly indicate the trees and/or branches to be removed and those to be saved including their TPCRZ. Pruning shall be done by a Professional Forester or Certified Arborist.

11. IUM Standard Drawing IUM-690-A TREE PROTECTION - FENCING and other Tree Protection Standards (Tree Trunk Protection and Auguring) may be used as detailing on the plan sheets.

2. Contact JULIE during the planning and design stages so that utilities and their placement near trees can be accurately placed on the plans.

The protective signs and fences can be removed only after all construction work has been finished, which includes a final grading, shaping and stabilization of the site, and a site inspection by a Professional Forester for damages to the trees.

10. Fees for non-compliance per local ordinance should be noted.

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

3. Identify locations of roadways, storage areas, truck clean-out areas and parking pads, in relationship to the trees to be protected. 4. Determine the TPCRZ and draw it to scale on the plan sheet. 5. Identify location, type and height of fencing to be used to protect trees, including the distance for placing the fencing around the TPCRZ. 6. Provide signage details including verbiage to be used, type of materials for signs and location of signage on fencing.

On active construction sites, it is recommended that trees be inspected every 7 days for compliance. Inspections shall include a listing of trees with: 1. Damage to trunks, 2. Damage to branches, 3. Mounding of soil around the trunk,

7. Designate the TPCRZ and trunk

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4. Evidence of root damage,

American National Standards for Institute, Inc. Safety Requirements for Tree Care Operations, Z133.1 most current version.

5. Evidence of improper pruning, 6. Notice of unauthorized changes to the topography, including trenching mishaps and or augering location revisions, and

American Association of Nurserymen, 2014. American Standards for Nursery Stock. American National Standards Institute, Inc., Washington D.C.

7. Other infractions to the site around the trees such as chemical spills and soil compaction. REFERENCES

Fazio, J.R., ed., 2011. How to Save Trees During Construction. Tree City USA Bulletin #7. The National Arbor Day Foundation, Nebraska City, NE

Websites International Society of Arboriculture http://www.isaarbor.com/store/category.aspx?cid=91 USDA FS How to Prune Trees http://na.fs.fed.us/pubs/detail.cfm?id=26 02 Illinois Department of Natural Resources ­ Urban and Community Forestry Website ­ Technical References et. al. https://wwwdnr.partner.illinois.gov/Cons ervation/Forestry/UrbanForestry/Pages/ TRTreeProtectionMeasures.aspx Morton Arboretum. 2015. Selecting and Planting Trees. The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL http://www.mortonarb.org/treesplants/tree-and-plant-selection-0 Publications American National Standards for Tree Care Operations ­ Trees, Shrubs, and Other Woody Plant Maintenance Standard Practice (Pruning) ANSI A300 (Part 1)

Clark and Metheny, 1998. Trees and Development: A Technical Guide to Preservation of Trees During Land Development. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL

Fazio, J.R., 2010. A Systematic Approach to Building With Trees. Tree City USA Bulletin #20. National Arbor Day Foundation, Nebraska City, NE Fazio, J.R., ed., 2013. How to Manage Community Natural Areas. Tree City USA Bulletin #27. The National Arbor Day Foundation, Nebraska City, NE Fazio, J.R Trenching and Tunneling Near Trees, The National Arbor Day Foundation, Nebraska City, NE Gilman, Edward and Sharon Lilly. 2008. Best Management Practices ­ Tree Pruning. International Society of Arboriculture. Gulick, Jennifer, Senior Urban Forester. 2015. Major Construction Impacts and Methods to Minimize Damage. Davey Resources Group. Hightshoe. G.L.1988. Native Trees and Shrubs and Vines for Urban and Rural

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America. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY 10003. 819 P. Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Division of Forest Resources, 2015. Urban and Community Forestry Program Tree Planting Standards, Springfield, IL International Society of Arboriculture. ISA's Best Management Practices: Managing Trees During Construction. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL Miller, Nancy, David M. Rathke and Gary R. Johnson. 1999. Protecting Trees from Construction Damage: A Homeowner's Guide. University of Minnesota Extension. Morton Arboretum. 2015. Selecting and Planting Trees. The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL th

Pirone's Tree Maintenance. 7 Edition Smiley, E. Thomas and Kelby Fite. October 2016. Preserving Trees During Construction Arborist News Volume 25 Number 5. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL

Tree Care Industry Association. 2015. ANSI A300 Pruning Standards ­ Part 1. Tree Care Industry Association. Tree Care Industry Association. 2012. ANSI A300 Construction Management ­ Part 5. Tree Care Industry Association. Watson, G. and E.B. Himelick, 1997. Principles and Practices of Planting Trees and Shrubs. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL Wenger, K, 1996. The Forestry Handbook. Society of American Foresters, Bethesda, MD Videos Root Injury and Tree Health. Illinois Arborists, the Morton Arboretum, the USDA Forest Service and the International Society of Arboriculture. Trenching and Tunneling: A Video Guide for Excavating Around Trees. The Davey Resource Group. The International Society of Arboriculture and the Utility Arborist Association. September, 2017 urbst990A.doc

Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction. 2012. Illinois Department of Natural Resources.

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Table 1. Guidelines for determining tree protection zone (TPZ) radius for healthy, structurally sound trees per the ISA Best Management Practices: Managing Trees During Construction. Species Tolerance

Relative Tree age*

TPZ Multiplication Factor

High

Young Mature Overmature

6 8 12

Medium

Young Mature Overmature

8 12 15

Low

Young Mature Overmature

12 15 18

DBH (inches) x TPZ Multiplication Factor = TPZ radius (inches) Note: TPZ is the same as the CRZ in this standard. ·

Consult with a local Professional Forester or Certified Arborist

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TABLE 2. Tree Species Tolerance to Root Severance and Soil Compaction

TREE SPECIES

ROOT SEVERANCE Tolerance

Soil Compaction Tolerance

Basswood

Intermediate

Sensitive

Blue beech

Sensitive

Sensitive

Butternut

Sensitive

Intermediate

Paper birch

Intermediate

Sensitive

River birch

Tolerant

Tolerant

Boxelder

Tolerant

Tolerant

Ohio Buckeye

Intermediate

Intermediate

Catalpa

Intermediate

Tolerant

Kentucky Coffeetree

Intermediate

Intermediate

Eastern Cottonwood

Tolerant

Tolerant

Red-Osier Dogwood

Tolerant

Intermediate

American Elm

Tolerant

Intermediate

Slippery Elm

Tolerant

Intermediate

Hackberry

Tolerant

Intermediate

Hawthorn

Intermediate

Intermediate

Bitternut Hickory

Intermediate

Intermediate

Honeylocust

Tolerant

Intermediate

Ironwood

Sensitive

Sensitive

Black Locust

Tolerant

Sensitive

Red maple

Tolerant

Tolerant

Silver maple

Tolerant

Tolerant

Sugar Maple

Intermediate

Sensitive

Mountain ash

Tolerant

Intermediate

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Black oak

Sensitive

Sensitive

Bur oak

Moderately Tolerant

Intermediate

Northern Pin Oak

Sensitive

Sensitive

Red Oak

Moderately Tolerant

Sensitive

Bicolor or Swamp Oak

Intermediate

Tolerant

White Oak

Sensitive

Sensitive

Wild Plum

Tolerant

Sensitive

Serviceberry

Intermediate

Sensitive

Black Walnut

Sensitive

Intermediate

Black Willow

Tolerant

Tolerant

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ILLINOIS URBAN MANUAL PRACTICE STANDARD

TREE PROTECTION In Highly Urbanized Areas with Existing Green and Gray Infrastructure Conflicts (each.) CODE 990B

(Source: IN Drainage Handbook)

NOTE: Only use Practice Standard Code 990B when there are green and gray infrastructure conflicts and when adequate long-term monitoring of the trees exists. This standard MUST BE USED ONLY IN CONSULTATION with a PROFESSIONAL FORESTER or CERTIFIED ARBORIST.

DEFINITION The protection of individual trees from damage during construction operations in highly urbanized areas where there are individual trees growing close to gray urban infrastructure. PURPOSE The purpose of this practice is to reduce damage to and loss of individual trees during construction by implementing these pre- to post-construction tree protection procedures. Tree protection fencing around the Tree Protection Critical Root Zone (TPCRZ) as defined below along with other soil, root and tree protection measures shall be installed with this standard in order to maintain

the health and integrity of the tree resources on site. CONDITIONS APPLIES

WHERE

PRACTICE

This standard shall be used in lieu of no local ordinance or in tandem with local tree protection ordinances. When possible, IUM Practice Standard Code 990A -TREE PROTECTION shall be used instead of IUM Practice Standard Code 990B. IUM Practice Standard Code 991- TREE PROTECTIONAUGERING Standard should be used in conjunction with this standard, as needed. This standard takes into consideration trees next to roads and sidewalks where there already exists an infrastructure conflict that can be resolved without compromise to either the green or gray infrastructure. This practice applies on development sites that are highly urbanized, where

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the green and gray infrastructure has been developed or has grown in close proximity and where there are individual trees of importance that need to be preserved. Refer to IUM Practice Standard Code 984 - TREE AND FOREST ECOSYSTEM PRESERVATION for information on preserving stands of trees. Refer to IUM Practice Standard Code 990A for TREE PROTECTION in Moderately Urbanized Areas to Open Spaces for information on tree protection in all other areas with trees.

be protected using the length of the longest branch as the radius of the circle. The second technique determines CRZ by referring to Table 1 Guidelines for determining tree protection zone (TPZ) radius for healthy, structurally sound trees per the International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) Best Management Practices for Managing Trees During Construction. This method measures the diameter in inches at 4.5 feet above ground (DBH diameter breast height) in combination with the trees age and tolerance to construction. See Table 2 for Species Tolerance Ratings.

CRITERIA LOCAL AUTHORITIES When working within the boundary of a municipality, local authorities such as the Urban Forester, City Arborist, Municipal Forester or Horticulturist, or Public Works officials should be contacted to determine locally enforced tree protection/preservation standards. JULIE Before any work has begun, call JULIE- (Joint Utility Locating Information for Excavators) at 800-892-0123 at least 48 hours prior to any work being done. Equivalent local authorities shall also be contacted, where applicable. DETERMINING THE TREE PROTECTION CRITICAL ROOT ZONE (TPCRZ) Tree Protection starts with determining the TPCRZ or area where the majority of roots are located and where tree protection fencing should be located. The TPCRZ is located one foot outside the Critical Root Zone (CRZ). To determine the CRZ, one of the following two techniques shall be used. The first is by using the definition of CRZ or two feet outside the perimeter of the leaf canopy or drip line of the tree to

The contractor shall use whichever method affords the greatest protection for the tree or whichever creates the larger CRZ area and then add an additional one foot to create the TPCRZ PROFESSIONAL ADVISEMENT IS REQUIRED IN HIGHLY URBANIZED AREAS. The TPCRZ is the area to be protected less the area in conflict with the gray infrastructure. Any limited space design protection measures shall be made per the advisement of the local Forestry Professionals and/or Certified Arborist with tree protection training. In situations where the green and gray infrastructure can't be protected in its entirety, the alternative plans must be approved by the Professional Forester or Certified Arborist. IN HIGHLY URBANIZED AREAS where such space for protecting the trees does not exist, a Professional Forester and/or Certified Arborist must be consulted for any reduced Tree Protection or Fencing Standards. FENCING Per IUM Standard Drawing IUM-690-B - TREE PROTECTION FENCING, trees to be protected per the

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approved construction plan or by local ordinance shall be protected with fencing around the Tree Protection Critical Root Zone (TPCRZ). Trees to be protected shall require tree protection fencing to be set at the TPCRZ as described in the IUM Standard Drawing IL-690-A-B - TREE PROTECTION­FENCING and IUM Construction Specification 91 CHAIN LINK FENCE. For projects without highly significant or historical trees and that will last for less than six-month duration, a non-treated wood lath snow fence or wire-mesh fence shall be used and solidly anchored to the posts. This area shall be protected from damage during construction operations. For projects over a six-month duration or trees that are considered significant or historical, a chain link fence with IUM Construction Specification 91 CHAIN LINK FENCE or better (as approved by the local Forester per local ordinances singularly or in tandem with the project Engineer) shall be used. IUM Standard Drawing IUM-690-A-B TREE PROTECTION­FENCING. Fencing shall be a minimum of 4 feet in height. For chain link fencing, metal posts shall be placed 6 feet (maximum distance) on center (OC) and the fencing solidly anchored to the posts. SIGNAGE Notices shall be posted on the fences prohibiting dumping and disposal of waste near protected trees. Signs shall be posted that identify the fenced areas as TPCRZ. SOIL EROSION CONCERNS In HIGHLY URBANIZED AREAS, low use areas inside the TPCRZ should be mulched with three to five inches of premium woodchip mulch.

In HIGHLY URBANIZED AREAS, if foot or vehicular traffic or construction activities cannot be kept outside of the TPCRZ for the entire duration of the construction, actions shall be taken to disperse the load, minimizing soil compaction and mechanical root damage. These actions to be implemented by hand method include:

Applying a minimum of 12 inches of woodchip mulch to the area,

Laying three-quarter inch minimum thick plywood, beams, commercial logging or road mats over a four-plus inch layer of woodchip mulch,

Any erosion control method used within the TPCRZ shall be placed by hand and encompass the area 4 inches out from the tree trunk to three feet outside the dripline of the tree, meeting the fence line set at the TPCRZ. This area shall be maintained to prevent clearing, grading and development activities from encroaching within the TPCRZ. Outside the TPCRZ, erosion and sediment control measures shall be installed to prevent sediment from reaching the TPCRZ. These measures include but are not limited to vegetative filter strips, woodchip mulch and rolled excelsior blankets. Measures such as woodchip mulch or excelsior blankets shall be a minimum of 3 inches deep up to 5 inches deep, extend out from the fence 10 feet and shall be continuous around the perimeter of the fence. Other methods may be used if approved by the Professional Forester, Certified Arborist or equivalent.

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Installation shall cause no disturbance to soils. This area shall be maintained to prevent clearing, grading and development activities from encroaching within the protected TPCRZ. TRUNK PROTECTION IS REQUIRED IN HIGHLY URBANIZED AREAS For sidewalk or other space limited areas, additional Tree Trunk Protection shall be used. Tree Trunk Protection shall be implemented using IUM Standard Drawing IUM-690-C ­ TREE TRUNK PROTECTION. This standard requires a minimum of 2 inch x 8 inch x 8 foot boards banded continuously around each trunk to prevent scarring of the trees shown on the plan or designated by the Professional Forester or Certified Arborist. Operations of the equipment shall not break the plane of the fencing regardless of Tree Trunk Protection being installed. ROOT PROTECTION STRATEGIES In HIGHLY URBANIZED AREAS, the trees along sidewalks or other concrete barriers that are currently within the dripline of the tree shall be enclosed with chain link fence IUM Construction Specification 91 CHAIN LINK FENCE and the IUM Practice Standard Code 991 TREE PROTECTION ­ AUGERING shall be used in these cases. Other root/soil management techniques listed below can also be incorporated into the job specifications. TRENCHING IS NOT ALLOWED In HIGHLY URBANIZED AREAS, do not trench within the TPCRZ of the protected tree. If there is a potential to impact the critical root zone, then augering must be used by following IUM Practice Standard Code 991 - TREE PROTECTION-AUGERING. Also use IUM Standard Drawings IUM-690-C

TREE TRUNK PROTECTION and IUM Standard Drawings IUM-690-D TREE ROOT PROTECTION FOR AUGERING PRACTICES (Highly Urbanized Areas). In areas where green and gray infrastructure are intertwined, there must be consultation with a local Professional Forester or Certified Arborist concerning species tolerance to the construction practices. Refer to Table 2 - Tree Species Tolerance to Root Severance and Soil Compaction has been added as a reference. ROOT/SOIL MANAGEMENT No construction activities, including the placement of topsoil manually, shall be permitted within the TPCRZ. Adding of woodchip mulch shall be done manually as specified in the contract, construction plan or equivalent document. All roadways, parking areas, and storage areas, parking, maneuvering of machinery, stockpiling of materials, or any other construction activities will not be allowed upon unpaved areas located within 10 feet of the TPCRZ of trees and plants designated to be protected. In HIGHLY URBANIZED areas where the infrastructure is close to the trunk of the tree and the roots are one half inch or greater in diameter, trenches should be excavated by hand, air spade or low pressure hydro excavation. It is mandatory to tunnel under woody roots rather than cutting them. WHEN TO START PRACTICE All required protection measures shall be installed prior to the commencement of any site development activity and shall remain in place and in working, functional order until all site development activities have ceased or the surrounding area has been

990B - 4

stabilized. If at any time fencing has been damaged, work shall be halted and fencing replaced at Contractor's cost. Once fencing has been replaced, work shall commence. At no point during site development shall protected trees be left without fencing. NO CHANGES IN CONTOUR Special care shall be taken to follow the natural drainage patterns to avoid unnatural flow to protected trees. Changes in contour could also cause run-off with salt or herbicides that could harm the trees. Any changes to topography can cause the tree to get reduced or increased moisture over time thus eventually killing the tree. Water drainage patterns should remain the same. Removal of topsoil around the tree is prohibited. The original grade shall be maintained. Any woody vegetation to be removed around the trees shall be cut out at the plant base by the appropriate tools to avoid roots. BRANCH or ROOT PROTECTION AND BRANCH/ROOT PRUNING In situations where the plan, as approved by the Professional Forester or Certified Arborist, requires severing tree roots, the root pruning shall be done using an approved mechanical root pruning saw or industry authorized pruning tool. The appropriate pruning saws and tool(s), specifically designed for cutting wood are defined by the International Society of Arboriculture pruning standard and associated American National Standards Institute ANSI standards. The pruning cut shall be a clean cut. This operation shall be performed prior to digging where noted on the plans and overseen by a Professional Forester or Certified Arborist.

Roots of protected trees impacted outside the fenced TPCRZ shall be pruned according to the International Society of Arboriculture Pruning Standard and associated American National Standards Institute ANSI A300 Standards. All roots impacted shall be pruned under the supervision of a Professional Forester or Certified Arborist and meet or exceed ISA, ANSI A300 or approved Tree Care Industry Standards. A Professional Forester or Certified Arborist shall be onsite during the entirety of root pruning. Note shall be taken of any roots greater than ½ inch that are severed since this could impact the safety and integrity of the tree resources that the local unit of government or person has to manage in the future. The use of heavy equipment such as a backhoe for tree root pruning shall be prohibited. Axes, shovels, back hoes or other such potential severing devises not specifically engineered for tree root pruning shall not be used. Removal or breaking off branches of the above types of protected trees will not be allowed. REMOVALS Trees deemed by the local Professional Forester or Certified Arborist to be at risk for current or future damage to a person or property should be removed. Trees not identified to be protected per local ordinance or construction plans may be removed per the advisement of the local Forester in charge. All measures must be installed according to a site-specific plan and in accordance with all applicable local, state, and federal laws and regulations.

990B - 5

CONSIDERATIONS For highly significant trees consider increasing the Tree Protection Critical Root Zone (TPCRZ) to 2 to 3 times to further minimize impact to tree roots. Also consider protecting the tree trunk using IUM Standard Drawing IUM 690-C ­ TREE TRUNK PROTECTION in all situations where the working conditions are close enough that the tree trunk might be impacted. Operations of the equipment should not break the plane of the fencing regardless of the type of tree trunk protection installed A Professional Forester or Certified Arborist shall be consulted for any clearing of trees and any actions that deviate from criteria within this standard. On-site supervision is recommended. The dripline/leaf canopy shall be shown on the plan sheet to scale, (not only by symbol), to provide a better basis for site development evaluation. Trees to be saved should be evaluated using the following criteria: 1. Species and condition (maintain a diversity of moderate to slower growing trees in good condition), 2. Above the minimum inches of tree diameter as designated by local ordinance. 3. Future potential safety and long-term suitability of the tree for its present location, 4. Length of time to mitigate losses, 5. Cost of mitigating tree losses,

6. Expected long-term maintenance costs for the tree compared to other trees of the same age/size, 7. Soil erosion prevention and reduction of storm water runoff, 8. The number of other trees growing under the same conditions and the precedent that would be set by removing the tree in question, 9. Impact on aesthetics,

property

value

and

10. Ability to screen noise and visual improprieties or ability to enhance privacy, 11. Ability to moderate temperature changes, provide shade and reduce wind forces, 12. Per local ordinance in consultation with the local Professional Forester or Certified Arborist, determine if the tree(s) within the project area has historic, big, unique or protected designation. Consultation with the local Municipal/Professional Forester or Certified Arborist is required. If the entire TPCRZ cannot be protected and the area is reduced on one or more sides, then consideration should be given to increasing the TPCRZ on the opposite side or remaining sides of the tree in circumstances where this strategy would benefit the trees longevity. Trees to be removed should be evaluated using the following criteria: 1. In the opinion of the Professional Forester or Certified Arborist, there is a clear and reasonable risk of failure that could cause injury or property

990B - 6

damage including existing utility service and no corrective measures are feasible. 2. The tree is dead. 3. The tree is in poor condition with several dead branches or major crack(s). 4. Contiguous and fatal disease is present as diagnosed by a trained Entomologist, Plant Pathologist or Professional Forester. 5. Tree is below the minimum inches in diameter as designated by local ordinance. 6. Current tree damage is beyond repair or the tree is in extremely poor shape due to storm damage or previous mechanical injury. 7. There is a potential of the tree to damage existing or future hardscape features such as driveways or sidewalks and there is no gray infrastructure alternative. 8. There is no feasible way to avoid disturbing the soil around, grading over, or placing a hardened surface within the TPCRZ and the tree is an oak, hickory, red bud, horse chestnut, Kentucky coffee tree, larch, honey locust, or conifer. Consultation with a Professional Forester is required prior to using these criteria for tree removal. 9. Tree has a greater than 45-degree lean toward traffic or another target or it creates an unsafe clearance or visual barrier/sight line for pedestrians or vehicular traffic.

10. Tree is a fast growing or a weak wooded tree that is invasive such as box elder, silver maple, tree of heaven, Russian olive or black cherry. Exceptions may be made for large healthy specimens of these species. 11. Tree is within five feet of a structure or, when mature, will have a canopy spread that will overlap the structure. Consult with a Professional Forester or Certified Arborist. 12. The tree could be successfully transplanted with a tree spade onto another site. 13. Trees that are non-native species or invasive. 14. Upon consultation with the local forestry officials or a Professional Forester or Certified Arborist, it is determined that the increase in gray infrastructure will severely limit water supply and the new site condition would not allow the tree to survive and there is no way to change the site plan to avoid or compensate for these changes. A mitigation plan for damaged trees and removed trees should be prepared in consultation with a Professional Forester or Certified Arborist and included with construction plans and contract documents. A one for one tree replacement policy or greater should be implemented. When site soil resources have been greatly altered, it is recommended a soil restoration strategy be implemented by non-mechanical methods such as:

990B - 7

1. Scarifying compacted areas,

At a minimum include the following items:

2. Adding top soil to the original grade in areas of extreme erosion, 3. Adding about 3-4 inches of woodchip mulch, 4. Adding a structural soil system, 5. When trees are to be within 25 feet of gray infrastructure pervious paving materials should be used. Install aeration vents in impervious paving. Use paving materials requiring a minimum amount of excavation such as reinforced concrete vs. asphalt. Design traffic patterns to avoid heavy loads adjacent to trees. Specify minimum subgrade compaction under pavement near dripline. 6. If construction is during severe drought conditions, consider watering the tree per the recommendations of a Professional Forester or Certified Arborist. For areas with mixed forest in moderately or highly developed areas, multiple standards may need to be used.

1. Identify all existing trees by species, location, diameter (at 4½ feet above the ground) and condition. Clearly indicate the trees and/or branches to be removed and those to be saved including their TPCRZ. All pruning must be done by a Professional Forester or Certified Arborist according to the ANSI A300 (Part 1) standards. 2. Identify locations of roadways, storage areas, truck clean-out areas, and parking pads in relationship to the trees to be protected. 3. Identify location, type and height of fencing to be used to protect trees, including the distance for placing the fencing around the TPCRZ. The TPCRZ must be drawn to scale on the plan. 4. Provide signage detail including verbiage to be used on the signs, type of materials used for signs and location of signs on fencing. 5. Designate the TPCRZ and tree trunk protection on the plan. 6. Identify soil sedimentation and protection measures outside the TPCRZ.

PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS A Professional Forester and/or Certified Arborist should be consulted in the design and planning stages of the project. Plans and specifications for tree protection shall be in keeping with this standard and will describe the requirements for applying the practice.

All plans shall include the installation, inspection and maintenance schedules with the responsible party identified. Fees for non-compliance per local ordinance should be noted. IUM Standard Drawing IUM-690-A-B TREE PROTECTION ­ FENCING; IUM Standard Drawing IUM-690-C TREE

990B - 8

TRUNK PROTECTION; IUM Standard Drawing IUM-690-D TREE ROOT PROTECTION FOR AUGERING PRACTICES (Highly Urbanized Areas) may be used as the plan sheets.

All damage to tree roots and branches shall be pruned according to International Society of Arboriculture and Tree Care Industry Association Pruning Standards.

For root management purposes a 25 foot protected area where no equipment or activity is conducted outside the TPCRZ will afford the tree the best chance of survival.

REFERENCES

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

USDA FS How to Prune Trees http://na.fs.fed.us/pubs/detail.cfm?id=26 02

The protective signs, fences and tree trunk protection will be removed only after all construction work has been finished and the site has been inspected by a Professional Forester for damages to the trees. On active construction sites, it is recommended that trees be inspected daily to every 7 days for compliance. Inspections shall include a listing of trees with: 1. Damage to trunks,

Websites International Society of Arboriculture http://www.isaarbor.com/store/category.aspx?cid=91

Illinois Department of Natural Resources ­ Urban and Community Forestry Web Page Technical Resources http://www.dnr.illinois.gov/conservation/ Forestry/UrbanForestry/Pages/default.a spx Morton Arboretum. 2015. Selecting and Planting Trees. The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL http://www.mortonarb.org/treesplants/tree-and-plant-selection-0 Publications

2. Damage to branches,

American National Standards for Tree Care Operations ­ Trees, Shrubs, and Other Woody Plant Maintenance Standard Practice (Pruning) ANSI A300 (Part 1)

3. Mounding of soil around the trunk, 4. Evidence of root damage, 5. Evidence of improper pruning, 6. Notice of unauthorized changes to the topography, 7. Other infractions to the site around the tree such as chemical spills and soil compaction.

American National Standards for Institute, Inc. Safety Requirements for Tree Care Operations, Z133.1 most current version. American Association of Nurserymen, 2014. American Standards for Nursery Stock. ANSI Z60.1. American National

990B - 9

Standards Institute, Inc., Washington D.C.

Community Forestry Program Tree Planting Standards, Springfield, IL

Clark and Metheny, 1998. Trees and Development: A Technical Guide to Preservation of Trees During Land Development. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL

International Society of Arboriculture. ISA's Best Management Practices: Managing Trees During Construction. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL

Fazio, J.R., ed., 2011. How to Save Trees During Construction. Tree City USA Bulletin #7. The National Arbor Day Foundation, Nebraska City, NE

Miller, Nancy, David M. Rathke and Gary R. Johnson. 1999. Protecting Trees from Construction Damage: A Homeowner's Guide. University of Minnesota Extension.

Fazio, J.R., ed., 2010. A Systematic Approach to Building With Trees. Tree City USA Bulletin #20. The National Arbor Day Foundation, Nebraska City, NE Fazio, J.R., ed., 2013 How to Manage Community Natural Areas. Tree City USA Bulletin #27. The National Arbor Day Foundation, Nebraska City, NE Fazio, J.R Trenching and Tunneling Near Trees, The National Arbor Day Foundation, Nebraska City, NE Gilman, Edward and Sharon Lilly. 2008. Best Management Practices ­ Tree Pruning. International Society of Arboriculture. Gulick, Jennifer, Senior Urban Forester. 2015. Major Construction Impacts and Methods to Minimize Damage. Davey Resources Group. Hightshoe. G.L.1988. Native Trees and Shrubs and Vines for Urban and Rural America. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY 10003. 819 P. Illinois Department Resources, Division Resources, 2015.

of Natural of Forest Urban and

Morton Arboretum. 2015. Selecting and Planting Trees. The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL Pirone's Tree Maintenance. 7th Edition Smiley, E. Thomas and Kelby Fite. October 2016. Preserving Trees During Construction Arborist News Volume 25 Number 5. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL Standard Specifications for Road and bridge Construction, 2012. Illinois Department of Transportiation. Tree Care Industry Association. 2015. ANSI A300 Pruning Standards ­ Part 1. Tree Care Industry Association. American National Standards Institute, Inc. Tree Care Industry Association. 2012. ANSI A300 Construction Management ­ Part 5. Tree Care Industry Association. Watson, G. and E.B. Himelick, 1997. Principles and Practices of Planting Trees and Shrubs. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL

990B - 10

Wenger, K, 1996. The Forestry Handbook. Society of American Foresters, Bethesda, MD Videos Root Injury and Tree Health. Illinois Arborist Association, the Morton Arboretum, the USDA Forest Service and the International Society of Arboriculture.

Trenching and Tunneling: A Video Guide for Excavating Around Trees. The Davey Resource Group. The International Society of Arboriculture and the Utility Arborist Association. September, 2017

990B - 11

urbst990B.doc

Table 1. Guidelines for determining tree protection zone (TPZ) radius for healthy, structurally sound trees per the ISA Best Management Practices: Managing Trees During Construction. Species Tolerance

Relative Tree age*

TPZ Multiplication Factor

High

Young Mature Overmature

6 8 12

Medium

Young Mature Overmature

8 12 15

Low

Young Mature Overmature

12 15 18

DBH (inches) x TPZ Multiplication Factor = TPZ radius (inches) Note: TPZ is the same as the CRZ in this standard. Consult with a local Professional Forester or Certified Arborist

990B - 12

TABLE 2. TREE Species Tolerance to Root Severance and Soil Compaction

TREE SPECIES

ROOT SEVERANCE Tolerance

Soil Compaction Tolerance

Basswood

Intermediate

Sensitive

Blue beech

Sensitive

Sensitive

Butternut

Sensitive

Intermediate

Paper birch

Intermediate

Sensitive

River birch

Tolerant

Tolerant

Boxelder

Tolerant

Tolerant

Ohio Buckeye

Intermediate

Intermediate

Catalpa

Intermediate

Tolerant

Kentucky Coffeetree

Intermediate

Intermediate

Eastern Cottonwood

Tolerant

Tolerant

Red-Osier Dogwood

Tolerant

Intermediate

American Elm

Tolerant

Intermediate

Slippery Elm

Tolerant

Intermediate

Hackberry

Tolerant

Intermediate

Hawthorn

Intermediate

Intermediate

Bitternut Hickory

Intermediate

Intermediate

Honeylocust

Tolerant

Intermediate

Ironwood

Sensitive

Sensitive

Black Locust

Tolerant

Sensitive

Red maple

Tolerant

Tolerant

Silver maple

Tolerant

Tolerant

Sugar Maple

Intermediate

Sensitive

Mountain ash

Tolerant

Intermediate

990B - 13

Black oak

Sensitive

Sensitive

Bur oak

Moderately Tolerant

Intermediate

Northern Pin Oak

Sensitive

Sensitive

Red Oak

Moderately Tolerant

Sensitive

Bicolor or Swamp Oak

Intermediate

Tolerant

White Oak

Sensitive

Sensitive

Wild Plum

Tolerant

Sensitive

Serviceberry

Intermediate

Sensitive

Black Walnut

Sensitive

Intermediate

Black Willow

Tolerant

Tolerant

990B - 14

TREE PROTECTION - FENCING (Moderately Urbanized to Open Space Areas)

Drip Line 2' Minimum CRZ (Critical Root Zone) 1' Minimum TPCRZ (Tree Protection Critical Root Zone) or CFEZ (Critical Forest Edge Zone) for forested areas.

Snow Fence

Wire Mesh Fence

Chain Link Fence SIDE VIEW 6' Max

Mi n

Post

48"

1. Call J.U.L.I.E. (800-892-0123) for the location of existing utilities 48 hours prior to commencement of work.

24"

Ground Surface

NOTES:

Max

Fence

2. The CRZ is located 2' from the POST AND FENCE DETAIL farthest outreaching branch (drip edge) or the distance as determined by the ISA trunk diameter method or whichever is greater. 3. The fence shall be located 1' from the Critical Root Zone (CRZ) of the protected tree, thus creating the Tree Protection Critical Root Zone (TPCRZ) and the Critical Forest Edge Zone (CFEZ) for forested areas. 4. Fence Posts shall be either 6' steel posts @ 1.33Lbs./Ft. or 2" x 2" nominal wood posts. 5. For projects without highly significant or historical trees and that will last for less than 6 months duration, a non-treated wood lath snow fence or wire mesh fencing shall be used with appropriate posts that are securely anchored into the ground. For projects over 6 months in duration or trees considered significant or historical, a chain link fence with Construction Specification Chain Link Fence IUM 91 or better (as approved by the local Forester per local ordinances singularly or in tandem with the project Engineer) shall be used. Fencing shall be a minimum height of 4'. For chain link fencing, metal posts shall be placed 6' on center (OC) and the fencing securely anchored to the post. 6. Outside the TPCRZ or CFEZ, erosion and sediment control measures shall be installed to prevent sediment reaching the TPCRZ or the CFEZ. These measures shall extend out from the fence 10' and shall be continuous around the perimeter of the fence. These measures include, but are not limited to vegetative filter strip, rolled excelsior blankets and mulch with a 3" to 5" depth. Other measures may be used if approved by the Professional Forester, Certified Arborist or Horticulturalist. Installation shall cause no disturbance to soils. REFERENCE

STANDARD DWG. NO.

Project

IUM-690-A

Designed

Date

Checked

Date

SHEET

Approved

Date

DATE

1

OF

1

09-14-2017

TREE PROTECTION - FENCING (Highly Urbanized Areas)

3' TPCRZ and CFEZ (for forested areas) (Typ.)

Property Line P L

Existing Sidewalk 2' CRZ (Typ.)

(gray infrastructure)

Tree Canopy Tree Trunk

Drip Edge or Line (furthest reach

Fence Post

of canopy) Fence at TPCRZ Existing Street

2-3" (typical)

(gray infrastructure) Back of Curb

AERIAL VIEW (Large Tree) Property Line

2' CRZ (Typ.)

P L

Existing Sidewalk

3' TPCRZ and CFEZ

(gray infrastructure)

(for forested areas)

Tree Canopy Fence Post

Drip Edge or Line (furthest reach

Fence at TPCRZ

of canopy) Tree Trunk

AERIAL VIEW Back of Curb

(Small Tree)

2-3" (typical) Existing Street (gray infrastructure)

Notes: 1.

Call J.U.L.I.E. (800-892-0123) for the location of existing utilities 48 hours prior to commencement of work.

2. The CRZ is located 2' from the farthest outreaching branch (drip edge) or the distance as determined by the ISA trunk diameter method or whichever is greater. 3.

On sides of the tree not constricted by gray infrastructure, the

fence shall be located 1 foot from the Critical Root Zone (CRZ) of the protected tree, thus creating the Tree Protection Critical Root Zone (TPCRZ). The Critical Forest Edge Zone (CFEZ), for forested areas, shall also be located at the TPCRZ.

REFERENCE

STANDARD DWG. NO.

Project

IUM-690-B

Designed

Date

Checked

Date

SHEET

Approved

Date

DATE

1

OF

2

09-14-2017

TREE PROTECTION - FENCING (Highly Urbanized Areas)

Notes: (cont.)

4.

On sides of the tree where there is gray infrastructure conflict the fence shall be 3 to 4 inches from the structure. Where the

structure is a sidewalk and the CRZ goes beyond the sidewalk to the adjoining greenspace, the Tree Protection Fencing shall continue to the CRZ without impeding the flow of the traffic of the sidewalk. 5.

Fence Posts shall be either 6' steel posts @ 1.33Lbs./Ft. or 2"

x 2" nominal wood posts. 6.

A chain link fence with Construction Specification Chain Link Fence IUM 91 or better (as approved by the local Forester per local ordinances singularly or in tandem with the project Engineer) shall be used. Fencing shall be a minimum height of 4'. Metal posts shall be placed 6' on center (OC) and fencing is securely anchored to the ground.

7.

Outside the TPCRZ, erosion and sediment control measures shall be installed to prevent sediment reaching the TPCRZ. These measures shall extend out from the fence 10' and shall be continuous around the perimeter of the fence. These measures include, but are not limited to vegetative filter strip, rolled excelsior blankets and woodchip mulch with a 3" to 5" depth. Other methods may be used if approved by the Professional Forester, Certified Arborist or Horticulturalist. Installation shall cause no disturbance to soils.

REFERENCE

STANDARD DWG. NO.

Project

IUM-690-B

Designed

Date

Checked

Date

SHEET

Approved

Date

DATE

2

OF

2

09-14-2017

*

6"

TREE TRUNK PROTECTION

Protective cloth 8' (mi n. )

(burlap or better) Outer bands Banding material stapled to back

* Protective Cloth extension

of boards 2" x 8" boards

1" maximum 8"

*

3"

(height varies)

8'-9" (mi n. )

SIDE VIEW

Protective cloth for tree wrap

Notes 1.

The contractor shall provide 2" x 8" boards banded continuously around each trunk with a protective cloth (such as burlap or better) placed between the boards and the tree to prevent scarring of the tree being protected. The height of the boards is variable due to height of tree being protected. Trees to be protected shall be shown in the plans or designated by the Professional Forester or Certified Arborist.

2. The protective cloth shall extend past both the top and bottom of the boards as shown in the detail. Width of wrap material varies. For fabric that does not meet the required height, fabric shall overlap a minimum of 6" and shall be spliced to avoid slippage. REFERENCE

STANDARD DWG. NO.

Project

IUM-690-C

Designed

Date

Checked

Date

SHEET

Approved

Date

DATE

1

OF

1

09-14-2017

TREE ROOT PROTECTION FOR AUGERING PRACTICES

Drip Edge CRZ 2' 1'

TPCRZ or CFEZ

A B

B 4.5' Entry Pit

Exit Pit

C

Root Envelope Directional Drill Straight Directional Drill

Sidewalk Tree Trunk AUGURING REQUIREMENTS

Curb and Gutter

B

A 4. 5'

A (Diameter of tree at 4.5' above ground)

Tree

B

C

Distance

Depth of Diameter of auguring augering (inches) from tree (feet) trunk*

B

n i a

d e

r a

3

2 1/2

5-9

5

3

10-14

10

3 1/2

15-19

12

3 1/2

15

4

r o

P

(feet) 1-4

M

k

w

a

y

each side

C

20 OR TRENCHING AND TUNNELING ISOMETRIC VIEW

MORE * dimension is from existing ground to the top of augering sleeve.

REFERENCE

STANDARD DWG. NO.

Project

IUM-690-D

Designed

Date

Checked

Date

SHEET

Approved

Date

DATE

1

OF

2

09-14-2017

TREE ROOT PROTECTION FOR AUGERING PRACTICES

Tree Trunk

Drip Edge

2' Critical Root Zone (CRZ)

3' Tree Protection Critical Root Zone (TPCRZ) ISOMETRIC VIEW OF CRZ AND TPCRZ

Notes 1. In highly urbanized areas, where the gray infrastructure is in conflict with the green infrastructure, horizontal directional drilling or tunneling is required. Trenching shall not be done within the TPCRZ of the tree. Root pruning shall be employed as a last resort when viable alternatives to severing the roots cannot be found. 2. In areas of conflict, there shall be consultation with a Professional Forester, Arborist or Horticulturist concerning species tolerance to the practices, techniques and tools specifically used to protect the tree's roots. Only tools designed specifically for root pruning shall be used. Other tools, such as shovels, axes, backhoes and any other tool not specific to root pruning shall be prohibited. 3. Roots must not be removed from more than one side of the tree in any given year. 4. All excavation holes are to be covered in a wet tarp or wet burlap and kept moist for the duration of the construction project to protect the roots from desiccation (roots drying out). In some situations, it may be necessary to hand dig trenches, employ water excavation or an air spade to locate and preserve the roots. 5. Top soil shall be used to backfill the excavated area within one hour of cutting roots and the tree shall be watered within 24 hours of backfilling. 6. All roots impacted shall be properly pruned according to the International Society of Arborculture (ISA) Pruning Standards and associated American National Standards Insitute (ANSI) Standards. Consultation with a Professional Forester, Certified Arborist or Horticulturist is required on all tree roots greater than 1/2" in diameter. 7. On site inspections conducted by a Professional Forester, Certified Aborist or Horticulturist are recommended to determine compliance with augering specifications.

REFERENCE

STANDARD DWG. NO.

Project

IUM-690-D

Designed

Date

Checked

Date

SHEET

Approved

Date

DATE

2

OF

2

09-14-2017

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Permits, certifications, and locations related to this particular notice

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