BANK SPONSOR: Swallow Tail

BANK SPONSOR: Swallow Tail, LLC

PROJECT LOCATION: The proposed mitigation bank property is located at the confluence of Castile Creek and the Platte River in Sections 24, 25 and 26, Township 55 north, Range 34 west, Buchanan County, Missouri.

ACTIVITY: The bank sponsor proposes to convert approximately 300 acres of agricultural cropland to the restoration of aquatic habitats.

BANK SPONSOR: Swallow Tail, LLC PROJECT LOCATION: The proposed mitigation bank property is located at the confluence of Castile Creek and the Platte River in Sections 24, 25 and 26, Township 55 north, Range 34 west, Buchanan County, Missouri. ACTIVITY: The bank sponsor proposes to convert approximately 300 acres of agricultural cropland to the restoration of aquatic habitats.

TERRA TECHNOLOGIES Engineers

·

Scientists

·

Castile Creek Wetland & Stream Mitigation Bank Baseline Conditions Assessment

Prepared for Swallow Tail, LLC September 2014

1920 West 143rd Street, Suite 140 · Leawood, Kansas 66224 Phone: 913-385-9560 · Fax: 314-385-5295 Web: http://www.terratechnologies.com

Permit Specialists

Baseline Conditions Assessment

Buchanan County, Missouri

TABLE OF CONTENTS I.

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................1

II.

PROJECT LOCATION AND LANDSCAPE SETTING .............1

III.

HYDROLOGY ..................................................................................5

IV.

SOILS .................................................................................................8

V.

PLANT COMMUNITIES ..............................................................11

VI.

WETLANDS....................................................................................14

VII.

STREAMS .......................................................................................25

VIII. SUMMARY ......................................................................................33 IX.

REFERENCES................................................................................34

APPENDICES Appendix A: Historical Topographic Maps and Aerial Photographs Appendix B: Photographic Documentation Appendix C: Ohio Rapid Assessment Method for Wetlands User's Manual & Scoring Forms Appendix D: Ohio Rapid Assessment Method for Wetlands Completed Forms

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I.

Buchanan County, Missouri

INTRODUCTION

Swallow Tail, LLC (the Sponsor) is proposing to establish and operate the approximately 299.80-acre Castile Creek Wetland and Stream Mitigation Bank (the Bank) in Buchanan County, Missouri. The improvements to wetland and stream habitats and their buffers on this site are proposed to be used as compensatory mitigation for unavoidable impacts to those aquatic resources as determined by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Kansas City District (the Corps) as part of the Clean Water Act Section 404 and 401 permitting process in consultation with the Interagency Review Team. The purpose of this report is to describe the baseline conditions of the existing premitigation habitats throughout the Bank. This information will eventually be compared to the proposed post-mitigation conditions as part of the calculations of the wetland and stream credit amounts that will be provided to Swallow Tail, LLC to sell or otherwise transfer to Section 404 and 401 permit applicants in order to satisfy the applicants' compensatory mitigation requirements in accordance with the Final Mitigation Banking Instrument for the Bank which will be prepared at a later date.

II.

PROJECT LOCATION AND LANDSCAPE SETTING

The Bank is located in southeastern Buchanan County, Missouri at the confluence of Castile Creek and the Platte River. This position is roughly equidistant between the cities of Kansas City, Missouri and St. Joseph. Missouri Highway 116 bisects the Bank 7.7 miles east of Interstate 29/U.S. Highway 71 and 5.7 miles west of U.S. Highway 169, approximately 5.7 miles southwest of the town of Gower, Missouri, as shown in Figure 1 (ESRI, 2014a). The approximate center of the site is at 39.552889° North, 94.667056° West. Figure 2 shows an aerial photograph of the Bank along with its proposed boundaries (ESRI, 2014). The Bank abuts Missouri Highway 116 and Castile Creek to the north, Castile Creek and adjacent agricultural lands to the east, and the Platte River to the south and west. To aid in the depiction of this large mitigation bank, the site is described in this report as existing in three sections: a Northern Section located north of Highway 116, a Southwestern Section located south of Highway 116 and west of the easternmost levee south of Highway 116, and a Southeastern Section also south of Highway 116 but east of the easternmost levee south of Highway 116. Figure 1 shows the locations of these Sections. The notable distinctions between the Southwestern and Southeastern Sections are that the Southwestern Section is largely contained within a levee system and drains to the Platte River while the Southeastern Section is not protected by levees and drains to Castile Creek with the minor exception of the immediate Platte River riparian buffer as Swallow Tail, LLC

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shown in Figure 4. Historical topographic maps and aerial photographs are included in Appendix A and photographic documentation of the site is provided in Appendix B. Figure 1. Bank Location

N

Direction of Platte River Flow

Castile Creek Approximate Bank Boundary

Platte River

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Figure 2. Aerial Photograph with Section Descriptions Approximate Bank Boundaries

Northern Section

N

Platte River

Castile Creek

Southwestern Section

Southeastern Section

Direction of Flow

Line Dividing Southeastern & Southwestern Sections

The Bank is located in the Western Corn Belt Plains Level III Ecoregion which encompasses much of Iowa, northwestern Missouri and the area surrounding the Missouri River from Kansas City to mid-Missouri. This area has soils consisting of glacial till and loess and was historically dominated by tallgrass prairie but has now been mostly converted to row crop agriculture. The portion of the Western Corn Belt Plains in Missouri is bordered by the Central Irregular Plains which encompasses both northcentral Missouri and west-central Missouri (i.e., the Osage Plains). In comparison to the Central Irregular Plains, the Western Corn Belt Plains has less topographic variation, thicker loess deposits and less forested land cover (Chapman et al., 2002). At a more precise level of ecological classification, the Bank is within the Rolling Loess Prairies Level IV Ecoregion. The Rolling Loess Prairies are characterized by windblown soil deposits on low hills and upland plains with natural pre-settlement vegetation consisting of tallgrass prairies interspersed with oak-hickory forests although this area

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has now been highly altered by widespread agriculture. The loess deposits in this area are thinner than in the adjacent Missouri Alluvial Plain, a large flat floodplain area located to the west that features similar pre-settlement vegetation. In the vicinity of the Bank the Loess Flats and Till Plains Level IV Ecoregion is located not far to the east, with the border between that ecoregion and the Rolling Loess Prairies approximating the Buchanan County/Clinton County boundary. Part of the Central Irregular Plains, the Loess Flats and Till Plains is described as a flat to moderately hilly area with fertile loess deposits with wetlands and woody vegetation concentrated along the streams. Historically this area was also dominated by prairie, but today it is mostly row crop fields and pastures (Chapman et al., 2002). The most accurate U.S. Geological Survey topographic map (Figure 3) shows that the majority of the Bank lies in the shared alluvial plain of the Platte River and Castile Creek (U.S. Geological Survey, 1961). Please note that the 2012 U.S. Geological Survey topographic map included in Appendix A is not accurate in how it portrays the levees on the Bank. The western portion of the Northern Section of the property and the area of the Bank east of Castile Creek are low hills draining to Castile Creek. Historical aerial photos included in Appendix A show levees existing from at least 1947 onward, with a realignment of the levee on the Platte River on the southern border of the property occurring sometime between 1980 and 1996. Figure 3. 2011 U.S. Geological Survey Topographic Map

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III.

Buchanan County, Missouri

HYDROLOGY

Buchanan County, Missouri, where the Bank is located, receives an average total annual precipitation of 38.76 inches (USDA-NASS, 2007). In addition to direct precipitation, surface water inputs are an important part of the site hydrology. Concentrated surface water flows enter the Bank through the Platte River and Castile Creek as well as from several of the small tributaries of Castile Creek (Intermittent #1 and Ephemeral #1) as shown in Figure 8. Several other small streams originate onsite, including Ephemeral streams #2, #3, #4, #5, #6, #7, #8, and #9 which collect water from overland flow in the floodplain areas and from wetlands on the site. There are numerous vegetated and farmed wetlands on the site as could be expected from the Bank's location in an alluvial plain of a large river and a significant tributary. Many of these wetlands are located in small depressions and as areas collecting and holding water amidst the Bank's existing row crop agricultural fields. These depressions collect local sheet flows and either hold surface water or retain soil saturation for significant portions of the growing season. There has been considerable past agricultural earthwork which helped to drain crop fields in order to improve crop productivity. This has likely reduced the duration of surface water influence in the bottomland areas that comprise the Bank when compared to the pre-agricultural state of the site. There are wetlands outside the crop fields, notably Wetlands #6, #14, #16, #18, #21, and #34 which are less disturbed and partially or fully forested. These wetlands are described in additional detail later in this document. Figure 4 shows a general depiction of the primary surface flow patterns across the Bank with larger arrows indicating areas of concentrated hydrologic flows and smaller arrows representing typical sheet flow directions.

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Figure 4. Baseline Conditions Surface Water Flow Paths Site of Drainage Outlet Through Levee Approximat e Bank Boundaries

Levees Elevated Road Berm

N Site of Drainage Outlet Through Levee

Several significant modifications have been made to the natural pre-settlement hydrology of the site. Most notably, as shown in Figure 4, levees ranging from eight to twelve feet in height were constructed on the site to prevent floodwaters from the Platte River and Castile Creek from reaching most of the agricultural fields. This severed the connection between floodwaters and any wetlands existing within the levees and also cut off the upper reaches of the historical ephemeral streams that existed in the fields north and south of Highway 116 from their downstream drainages. North of Highway 116 a small diversion berm was built to keep the flow of Ephemeral #1 and the sheet flow from the surrounding hillside off of the adjacent fields (please refer to Figure 8). This activity resulted in the creation of Wetland #1 as a storage location for most of the diverted hydrology. In addition, the topography of the fields has since been modified to facilitate drainage away from the fields, an activity that likely significantly altered the hydrology of any wetlands existing at the time, resulting in the current situation with wetlands within the levees existing either within drainageways or adjacent to the levees.

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The bottomland portions of the site are occasionally subjected to flood flows from the Platte River and Castile Creek with the exception of the areas protected by levees. Figure 5 shows the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) 100-year (1% annual chance) floodplain limits on the site (NFIP, 1978). The FEMA flood insurance study for Buchanan County gives flood profiles for Castile Creek and the Platte River which indicate that the elevation of the 10% annual chance (ten-year) flood is approximately 816 feet between Highway 116 and the confluence of Castile Creek with the Platte River. This is just below the top elevation of the levees which ranges from 817 to 820. In comparison, the higher locations in the agricultural fields within the levees south of Highway 116 are around elevation 810 and the top of bank of Castile Creek has an elevation of approximately 812 feet. The 1% annual chance flood elevation over the same area is approximately 821 feet which would likely overtop the levees (Center for Applied Research and Environmental Systems, 2014). The standing water frequently observed on the site and the Bank's location low in the landscape indicates the site could potentially be affected by a shallow water table during parts of the year. Figure 5. FEMA 1% & 0.2% Annual Chance Floodplain Map

N

Approximate Bank Boundaries

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IV.

Buchanan County, Missouri

SOILS

Wetlands are characterized in part by the presence of hydric soils which develop as a result of an area being saturated, flooded or ponded long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions near the surface (USDA Soil Conservation Service, 1994). There are several soil characteristics which contribute to the likelihood of adequate conditions for wetland establishment and hydrophytic plant development. These include drainage class, particulate content, slope and the frequency of flooding. For example, unvegetated areas with mapped hydric soils characterized by high clay content and a poorly drained drainage class are ideal locations for wetland mitigation projects. Soil requirements for riparian buffer restoration are far less stringent as all that is necessary is the ability to support wooded or prairie conditions which is not a concern in this region. According to the National Cooperative Soil Survey's Web Soil Survey and as included as Figure 6 (Soil Survey Staff, 2014), the soil series mapped within the Bank boundaries include Knox silt loam, Nodaway silt loam, Gasconade flaggy silty clay loam, Colo silty clay loam and Dockery silty clay loam.

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Figure 6. Soil Survey Map with Mapped Hydric Soil Ratings

N

Approximate Bank Boundaries

The soils of the far western area of the Northern Section of the Bank are Knox silt loam, 5 to 9 percent slopes and Knox silt loam, 9 to 14 percent slopes, eroded. Soils of the Knox series were formed in loess and are deep and well drained. Knox series soils are found on slopes ranging from 2 to 35 percent on strongly dissected hills and bluffs along the alluvial plains of the Missouri River and its tributaries. The permeability of Knox soil is moderate and its water capacity is high. Knox soils are the namesake of the Knox Association of soils which are moderately sloping to very steep, well drained soils formed in a thick layer of loess on uplands. The Knox Association, which makes up 24 percent of Buchanan County, is 81 percent Knox and similar soils (Lockridge, 1989; National Cooperative Soil Survey, 2008). In areas of the site mapped as Knox series, soil samples collected by Terra Technologies had a silt loam or silty clay loam texture and hydric soils in this area exhibited a redox dark surface indicator.

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The Nodaway silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded soil type is found on the Bank directly adjacent to Castile Creek and the Platte River. These soils are alluvial in nature, deep, moderately well drained and moderately permeable. The Nodaway soils have low slopes of 0 to 5 percent and are found on floodplains, alluvial fans and drainages (Lockridge, 1989; National Cooperative Soil Survey, 2006). Soil samples collected on the site in areas mapped as Nodaway had a silt loam or silty clay loam texture and had redox dark surface hydric soil indicator in wetland areas. Gasconade flaggy silty clay loam, 14 to 35 percent slopes, extends from the far northern tip of the Bank adjacent to Castile Creek and down the forested slope into the crop field in the Northern Section of the Bank. Gasconade soils are formed in limestone bedrock residuum and have thin clayey layers with coarse fragments from the limestone bedrock. These soils are shallow, somewhat excessively drained and moderately slowly permeable. Gasconade soils exist on slopes ranging from 2 to 50 percent and are part of the Knox Association, commonly found adjacent to and below Knox soils (Lockridge, 1989; National Cooperative Soil Survey, 2004). The soil of large portions of the crop fields on the site, both within the levee on the Platte River and in the fields along Castile Creek north and south of State Highway 116, are mapped as Colo silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded. Colo series soils are formed in silty alluvium. They are deep, poorly drained and moderately permeable. The Colo soils are on slopes of 0 to 5 percent and are found on floodplains, alluvial fans, stream terraces and drainageways. Colo soils are part of the ColoNodaway-Zook Association, an association of nearly level, poorly drained to moderately well drained soils formed in alluvium on flood plains. This association, of which 48 percent are Colo soils and 16 percent are Nodaway soils, makes up 13 percent of Buchanan County (Lockridge, 1989; National Cooperative Soil Survey, 2006a). Soil samples from areas of the site mapped as Colo soils were silt loam or silty clay loam in texture and had the hydric soil indicator redox dark surface in wetland areas. Other significant portions of the lowland crop fields, including some of the lowest areas of the site, are mapped as Dockery silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded. Dockery soils are formed in silty alluvium. These soils are deep, somewhat poorly drained and moderately or moderately slowly permeable. The Dockery series soils are on 0 to 5 percent slopes and are found on floodplains. Dockery soils are a minor component of the Colo-Nodaway-Zook association (Lockridge, 1989; National Cooperative Soil Survey, 2000). Samples of soil taken from areas of the Bank mapped as Dockery series had silty clay loam texture and wetland areas exhibited the redox dark surface hydric soil indicator.

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Colo silty clay loam is rated predominantly hydric. Dockery silty clay loam and Nodaway silt loam are rated predominantly nonhydric. Knox silt loam and Gasconade flaggy silty clay loam are rated nonhydric (Soil Survey Staff, 2014). Colo and Gasconade soils are mollisols, which developed in areas historically dominated by grasslands. Knox soils are alfisols, a soil order formed under forested conditions. Dockery and Nodaway soils are entisols, an order of soils that does not show any profile development, usually caused by recent sediment deposition or frequent flooding or saturation (Soil Survey Staff, 2014; Soil Survey Staff, 1999). Based on their soil textures, hydric ratings and soil orders, it is expected that the Colo, Dockery and Nodaway series soils on the site are able to maintain saturation or inundation long enough to support wetland conditions when they are subjected to sufficient hydrologic inputs. The position of these soils within the shared floodplain of the Platte River and Castile Creek will likely deliver ample water for areas with Colo, Nodaway and Dockery series soil to support the development of wetland conditions. The Sponsor's previous experience with Colo series soils and other soils of the ColoNodaway-Zook association at other approved and proposed wetland and stream mitigation banks leads to the conclusion that areas of the Bank with Colo, Nodaway and Dockery soils will support the development of wetland conditions.

V.

PLANT COMMUNITIES

Information on the baseline pre-mitigation vegetation present within the Bank was collected during multiple site visits in early March 2014 as well as on April 23, 2014. This information was used to categorize the existing vegetation into eight roughly defined plant communities with approximate limits as shown in Figure 7. The defined plant communities on the Bank are Row Crop Agricultural Field, Managed Grassland (Levees), Farmed Wetland, Emergent Wetland, Scrub-Shrub Wetland, Forested Wetland, Riverfront Forest, and Degraded Mesic Limestone/Dolomite Forest. The dominant and common plant species in each community are described below in Table 1. While plant communities that have been significantly altered from their natural state are described in somewhat general terms, the nomenclature of intact or relatively intact natural ecosystems follows that used in The Terrestrial Natural Communities of Missouri which was developed by the U.S. Forest Service, Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Missouri Department of Conservation and others to categorize and describe the vegetative communities throughout the state (Nelson, 2005). Farmed wetlands were considered as separate plant communities from the adjacent upland fields because the difference in hydrology between upland and wetland agricultural areas indicates that if left undisturbed these areas would support dissimilar plant communities.

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The riparian forests within the Bank were classified as Riverfront Forest. The forest on the western slope of the Northern Section of the Bank generally matched the description of Mesic Limestone/Dolomite Forest, especially because of the presence of Chinkapin oaks (Quercus muehlenbergii) which is indicative of moderately basic soils resulting from a prevalence of limestone or dolomite near the surface. The absence of observations of some of the tree species expected to be dominant in this forest type (e.g., northern red oak [Quercus rubra], sugar maple [Acer saccharum], American basswood [Tilia americana], white ash [Fraxinus americana], bitternut hickory [Carya cordiformis] and shagbark hickory [Carya ovata]), is indicative of the degraded nature of these forest areas. Figure 7. Existing Plant Communities

Approximate Bank Boundaries

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Table 1. Baseline Plant Community Descriptions Plant Community Name

Dominant Species

Common Species

Row Crop Agricultural Field

Agricultural commodity species

None

Managed Grassland (Levees)

Smooth Brome (Bromus inermis)

Early successional species

Farmed Wetland

Agricultural commodity species

None

Fall panicgrass (Panicum dichotomiflorum)

Rough cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium)

Emergent Wetland

Giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida)

Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus)

Chufa sedge (Cyperus esculentus)

Curlytop knotweed (Persicaria lapathifolia)

Barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli) White heath aster (Symphyotrichum ericoides) Black willow (Salix nigra) Scrub-Shrub Wetland

Forested Wetland

Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus)

Fox sedge (Carex vulpinoidea)

Chufa sedge (Cyperus esculentus) Smooth Brome (Bromus inermis) Cattail (Typha angustifolia)

Silver maple (Acer saccharinum)

Black willow (Salix nigra)

American elm (Ulmus americana)

Buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis)

Virginia wildrye (Elymus virginicus)

Woodsedge (Carex blanda)

Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea)

Riverfront Forest

Degraded Mesic Limestone/Dolomite Forest

Silver maple (Acer saccharinum)

Cottonwood (Populus deltoides)

American elm (Ulmus americana)

Boxelder (Acer negundo)

Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)

Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis)

Black elder (Sambucus nigra)

Mulberry (Morus rubra)

Virginia wildrye (Elymus virginicus)

Roughleaf dogwood (Cornus drumondii)

Giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida)

Wingstem (Verbesina alternifolia)

Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea)

Woodsedge (Carex blanda)

Shingle oak (Quercus imbricaria)

Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)

American elm (Ulmus americana)

Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis)

Chinkapin oak (Quercus muehlenbergii) Coralberry (Symphoricarpos orbiculatus) Virginia wildrye (Elymus virginicus)

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Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos) Woodsedge (Carex blanda) Pennsylvania sedge (Carex pennsylvanica)

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VI.

Buchanan County, Missouri

WETLANDS

On several days in early March 2014 as well as on June 18 and August 28, 2014, Terra Technologies completed site inspections to identify, delineate and map the locations of wetlands, waterways and other water bodies and to otherwise document existing site conditions. The observations made during these site visits were summarized in a Wetland Delineation and Jurisdictional Assessment report that has been submitted to the Corps. No Approved Jurisdictional Determination for the Bank has been issued by the Corps as of the writing of this report. Wetland delineations were performed according to the methods described in the Corps' Wetlands Delineation Manual (Environmental Laboratory, 1987) and the Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual: Midwest Region (Version 2.0) (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2010). The presence of wetlands was ascertained by the observation of all three delineative criteria: 1) a predominance of hydrophytic (water-loving) plant species, 2) hydric soil indicators and 3) wetland hydrology indicators. As shown below in Figure 8, a total of 33 wetlands totaling 79.03 acres were delineated within the proposed Bank. The streams present within the site are shown separately in Figure 10. Baseline information for each wetland area is included below. The U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service's National Wetlands Inventory described several wetlands and ponds existing within the Bank. Figure 9 shows the National Wetlands Inventory map of the site (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, n.d.). Along the west bank of Castile Creek and in areas on the bank of the Platte River and the row-crop fields is the wetland type palustrine forested broad-leaved deciduous temporary flooded (PFO1A). This mapped wetland type corresponds approximately to all or part of the areas of Wetlands #5, #6, #7, #14, #17, #16, #18, #34, and #35 and the Riverine Forest of the left descending bank of Castile Creek. There are wetlands of other types on the Bank listed in the National Wetlands Inventory and they are (listed with fully or partially coincident wetlands from the Wetland Delineation and Jurisdictional Assessment report): palustrine unconsolidated bottom semipermanently flooded dike/impounded (PUBFh) (Wetlands #25 and 30), palustrine scrub-shrub broad-leaved deciduous seasonally flooded partially drained/ditched (PSS1Cd) (Wetlands #15 and 16), palustrine emergent temporary flooded partially drained/ditched (PEMAd) (Wetland #10), palustrine emergent seasonally flooded excavated (PEMCx) (Wetlands #25 and 30), palustrine unconsolidated bottom semipermanently flooded excavated (PUBFx) (Wetlands #25 and 30), palustrine scrubshrub broad-leaved deciduous temporary flooded (PSS1A) (Wetland #18), palustrine emergent temporary flooded (PEMA) (Wetland #27).

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Figure 9. National Wetlands Inventory Map

Approximate Bank Boundaries

The site boundary used for the Wetland Delineation and Jurisdictional Assessment was the boundary of all contiguous properties owned by the Flick Family Irrevocable Trust in this location, whereas the proposed Bank boundary excludes easement areas surrounding Highway 116 as well as upland areas of the property east of Castile Creek that have little mitigation value. Consequently, Wetlands #8 and #9, which were included in the Wetland Delineation and Jurisdictional Assessment report and which are in close proximity to Highway 116, are excluded from the Bank. Additionally, the acreages of wetlands adjacent to Highway 116 within the Bank are less than the respective acreages listed in the Wetland Delineation and Jurisdictional Assessment report because portions of these wetlands are within the excluded easement areas. The wetland acreages listed in this report and shown in Figure 8 are those that will be within the proposed Bank boundary.

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Figure 8. Existing Wetland Boundaries

Approximate Bank Boundaries

In addition to the field observations regarding the vegetation, soils and hydrology of each of the existing wetlands within the Bank, the general ecological quality of each wetland area was also assessed. This was done using the Ohio Rapid Assessment Method for Wetlands v. 5.0 (ORAM) (Mack, 2001). This method quantifies the quality of each wetland or group of wetlands on a scale from 0 to 100 based on the wetland size; upland buffers and surrounding land use; hydrology; habitat alteration and development; special wetland communities; and vegetation, habitat interspersion and microtopography. The guidance document for ORAM calls for wetlands smaller than one acre, in close proximity to each other, and separated from one another by only narrow areas of nonwetland to be scored as a single wetland complex. In consequence, the following wetlands were treated as a complex or patchwork and scored together by ORAM: Wetlands #2 and #3; #4, # 5, # 6, # 7, and #35; #13 and #14; #15, #16, and #17; #18, #19, and #20; #21 and #22; #23, #24, #25, #27, #28, #29, #30, #31, and #32; and #33 and #34.

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The ORAM user manual is included as Appendix C and the completed ORAM worksheets for each wetland area within the Bank are presented in Appendix D. The scoring thresholds for each level of quality are included below in Table 2. These values are based on those used in Ohio, but in order to simplify the results the number of quality levels was decreased. Specifically, multiple gray areas between the main scoring levels were eliminated following a methodology described in the Tennessee Valley Authority's version of ORAM (i.e., scoring gray areas are merged into the higher of the two categories) (Tennessee Valley Authority, n.d.). Table 2. Scoring Breakpoints for Ohio Rapid Assessment Method Categories General Description Score Range Low Quality (Small, relatively hydrologically 0 - 29.9 isolated, often with low quality vegetative community) Medium Quality (Moderate habitat, hydrological or 30 ­ 59.9 recreational functions) High Quality (Superior habitat, hydrological or 60 ­ 100 recreational functions, may provide habitat for endangered or threatened species and may be of scarce distribution [e.g., fens, mature forested wetlands]) Wetland #1 is an approximately 0.40-acre palustrine forested wetland located at the foot of the forested slope in the far northwest portion of the site, downstream of Ephemeral #1 which is one of the main sources of its hydrology. It is a constructed depression at the base of the hill where the water diverted from of Ephemeral #1 is contained rather than allowing it to flow across the adjacent farm field. The position of this wetland at a low point at the base of a hill makes it probable that shallow groundwater inputs contribute to the wetland hydrology of this area. Wetland #1 is dominated by American elm (Ulmus americana), Virginia wild rye (Elymus virginicus) and wood sedge (Carex blanda). The ORAM score of this wetland was 42, indicating that this wetland is on the lower end of the medium quality spectrum. The primary factors leading to this designation were its relatively small size, history of manipulation, moderate buffers and fair-level habitat development. Wetland #2 is an approximately 1.71-acre palustrine scrub-shrub wetland located in the Northern Section of the site. This wetland is situated along the low elevation areas on the interior of a levee separating most of the Northern Section from Castile Creek. Wetland #2 shares its southern and western borders with Wetland #3, a farmed wetland located at

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a slightly higher elevation. Wetland #2 receives hydrology as sheet flow from the surrounding lands. It is dominated by reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) and black willow (Salix nigra). Wetland #3 is an approximately 11.31-acre farmed wetland located in the Northern Section of the site in the agricultural field and borders Wetland #2 to the north and east. This wetland lacks native vegetation and receives water as sheet flow from the surrounding lands. It is hydrologically connected to Wetland #2 but is periodically saturated which allows for farming while Wetland #2 is inundated on a frequent basis and likely has a far longer period of soil saturation, factors that prevent cultivation. For the purposes of ORAM analysis, Wetlands #2 and #3 exist as a wetland complex that receives one combined score. These wetlands received an ORAM score of 25, which corresponds to a designation of Low Quality. The primary factors limiting the ecological function of this wetland complex were the lack of buffers from a row crop field and roadway on two sides, low to absent habitat development and common substrate and habitat disruptions from farming. Wetland #4 is an approximately 0.08-acre palustrine emergent wetland located in the northern portion of the site along Castile Creek. The wetland receives water as sheet flow and likely from groundwater from the surrounding lands and from Castile Creek when it overtops its banks. It is dominated by barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli). The portion of Wetland #5 within the Bank is an approximately 0.21-acre palustrine emergent wetland located in the southeast corner of the Northern Section of the site. The greater delineated wetland extends along Castile Creek under the Highway 116 bridge and abuts Wetland #6. The wetland receives water as sheet flow and potentially groundwater from the surrounding lands as well as floodwaters from Castile Creek. It is dominated by zigzag grass (Panicum dichotomiflorum) and reed canary grass. Wetland #6 is an approximately 3.32-acre palustrine forested wetland located in the northern portion of the Southeastern Section of the Bank, along Castile Creek and sharing its northern border with Wetland #5. The wetland receives water as sheet flow from the surrounding lands and from Castile Creek when it overtops its banks. It is dominated by black willow, silver maple (Acer saccharinum), reed canary grass, and Frank's sedge (Carex frankii). Wetland #7 is an approximately 1.42-acre palustrine scrub-shrub wetland located between Highway 116 and the levee to the south in the very northwestern part of the Southeastern Section of the Bank. The wetland receives water as sheet flow from the

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surrounding lands, from Castile Creek when it overtops its banks and concentrated flows from the pipe outlet into the western portion of the wetland which drains the Highway 116 right-of-way. It is dominated by black willow and water hemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus). Wetlands #4, #5, #6, #7, and #35 are in close proximity to each other and form a complex which received a combined ORAM score of 41.5. This score indicated the wetland is of Medium Quality due to the moderate combined size of this wetland complex, recovered status from past disturbances in part of the complex, size of buffers, nearby intensive land use, the relatively low degree of habitat development and sparse but present invasive species cover. Wetland #8 (0.03 acre) and Wetland #9 (0.16 acre) are very small wetlands located within the easements surrounding Highway 116. As stated earlier, they were delineated in the Wetland Delineation and Jurisdictional Assessment report but are outside the proposed Bank boundary. Wetland #10 is an approximately 4.10-acre farmed wetland located in the Southeastern Section of the Bank. This wetland receives water as sheet flow from the surrounding land and Castile Creek when it overtops its banks. It drains to Castile Creek through Ephemeral #5 and then Ephemeral #4. This wetland has been significantly disturbed by agricultural row crop production and therefore lacks native vegetation. Wetland #10 scored 20 points using ORAM, placing it in the Low Quality level. This score was merited because there is no buffer between this wetland and the surrounding row crop farm field and because farming has continuously disturbed the substrate and prevented the development of a plant community. Wetland #11 is an approximately 0.14-acre depressional farmed wetland located on the Southeastern Section of the Bank. This wetland receives water as sheet flow from the surrounding lands. It has been significantly and repeatedly disturbed by agricultural row crop production and therefore lacks native vegetation. Using ORAM, Wetland #11 scored 17 points, a Low Quality score, because of its small size, hydrologic isolation, lack of buffers from the surrounding row crop field and levee and because farming has disturbed the substrate and prevented the development of a plant community. Wetland #12 is an approximately 1.27-acre farmed wetland located on the Southeastern Section of the Bank. This depressional wetland receives water as sheet flow from the surrounding lands. It has been significantly disturbed by agricultural row crop production and therefore lacks native vegetation. Wetland #12 scored 18 (indicating a

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Low Quality wetland) using ORAM because the wetland is lacking a buffer and because farming has disturbed the substrate and habitat development of the wetland. Wetland #13 is an approximately 0.89-acre farmed wetland located on the Southeastern Section of the Bank adjacent to the Castile Creek riparian corridor. Wetland #13 shares its southern border with Wetland #14. This depressional wetland receives water as sheet flow from the surrounding lands and Castile Creek when it overtops its banks. This wetland has been significantly disturbed by agricultural row crop production and largely lacks native vegetation. Wetland #14 is an approximately 0.89-acre palustrine forested wetland located in the southeastern portion of the site along Castile Creek. It is bordered to the north by Wetland #13 and contributes water to Ephemeral #6. The wetland receives water as sheet flow from the surrounding lands and from Castile Creek when it overtops its banks. It is dominated by black willow, silver maple, Frank's sedge and swamp smartweed (Persicaria hydropiperoides). The Wetland #13 and 14 complex collectively scored 38 points utilizing ORAM. This places the wetlands in the lower end of Medium Quality. This score was due to the substrate and habitat disturbance from farming and the limited degree of habitat development. Wetland #15 is an approximately 1.20-acre farmed wetland located in the Southeastern Section of the Bank near to the Castile Creek riparian buffer and connected to Ephemeral #4. Wetland #15 borders Wetlands #16 and #17 and likely receives some level of hydrology from this adjacency. In addition, Wetland #15 receives water as sheet flow from the surrounding lands and from Castile Creek when it overtops its banks. This wetland has been significantly disturbed by agricultural row crop production and largely lacks native vegetation. Wetland #16 is an approximately 0.91-acre palustrine forested wetland located in the center of the Southeastern Section of the site, to the east of the levee. Wetland #16 is bordered by Wetland #15 and Wetland #17. The wetland receives water as sheet flow from the surrounding lands and from Castile Creek when it overtops its banks. It is dominated by silver maple saplings and trees. Wetland #17 is an approximately 0.49-acre palustrine emergent wetland located in the east central portion of the site. It is an intermittently inundated pond bottom dominated by barnyard grass situated adjacent to Wetlands #15 and #16. The wetland receives water as sheet flow from the surrounding lands and from Castile Creek when it overtops

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its banks. In addition, this wetland along with Wetlands #15 and #16 are in the former path of a much longer ephemeral stream whose path was interrupted by the creation of the adjacent levee and from the associated agricultural earthwork. Because of their close proximity and hydrologic association, Wetland #15, #16 and #17 form a wetland complex that was scored as one unit using ORAM. A score of 29 indicates that this wetland complex is at the high end of the Low Quality range. This score was largely due to the lack of buffers on the row crop field side of the complex and the disturbance and limits on habitat development caused by farming. Wetland #18 is an approximately 10.05-acre palustrine forested wetland located in a depressional area north of the Platte River in the southeastern portion of the site. This wetland receives water as sheet flow from the surrounding lands and from the Platte River when it overtops its banks. It is dominated by silver maple, sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), American elm, button bush (Cephalanthus occidentalis), reed canary grass, zigzag grass, giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) and Virginia wild rye. Wetland #19 is an approximately 7.51-acre farmed wetland located on the southern agricultural field in the Southeastern Section of the Bank. Wetland #19 surrounds Wetland #20 and borders Wetland #18. This wetland receives water as sheet flow from the surrounding lands. This wetland has been significantly disturbed by agricultural row crop production and largely lacks native vegetation. Wetland #20 is an approximately 0.43-acre palustrine scrub-shrub wetland located in the southern agricultural field east of the levee in the Southwestern Section of the Bank and is surrounded by Wetland #19. This depressional wetland receives water as sheet flow from the surrounding lands, being lower than the surrounding Wetland #19, and from Castile Creek when it overtops its banks. It is dominated by black willow. Wetlands #18, #19 and #20 form a complex that was scored as one unit using ORAM. The ORAM score these wetlands earned was 37 which indicates that these wetlands are on the lower end of Medium Quality. This score is largely influenced by the lack of buffers on many sides of the complex, the disturbance and limits on habitat development caused by farming and the large amount of invasive species cover. Wetland #21 is an approximately 1.88-acre depressional palustrine forested wetland located in the southern portion of the site. This wetland is outside the perimeter of the levee in the Southwestern Section of the Bank and adjacent to the Platte River in a shared depression with Wetland #22. Dominated by black willow and reed canary grass, this

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wetland receives water from precipitation and from floodwaters from the Platte River and potentially from groundwater. Wetland #22 is an approximately 0.99-acre depressional palustrine emergent wetland located in the southern portion of the site adjacent to Wetland #21. This wetland is also outside the perimeter of the levee on the Southwestern Section of the Bank and adjacent to the Platte River. The wetland receives water from precipitation and from the Platte River when it overtops its banks. It is dominated by dock leaf smart weed (Persicaria lapathifolia). Wetlands #21 and 22 were scored together with ORAM and received a score of 36.5 points which corresponds to the lower end of Medium Quality. This rating was due to the limited buffer provided by the levee on three sides, limited habitat development and cover with an invasive species. Wetland #23 is an approximately 0.63-acre palustrine scrub-shrub wetland located along the west side of the levee at the edge of the agricultural field in the Southwestern Section of the Bank. This wetland is within the levees, but in a location that does not drain well enough to have been farmed regularly. Consequently, native vegetation has been able to proliferate, particularly black willow. The wetland receives water as sheet flow from the surrounding lands and from Ephemeral Streams #15, #16 and #17 and contains the outflow pipe that drains water from inside the levees to the Platte River. Wetland #24 is an approximately 6.90-acre depressional farmed wetland located within the levee surrounding the agricultural field on the south side of the agricultural field in the Southwestern Section of the Bank. This wetland is in a low area that likely remains wet for a sufficient time in the spring for wetland conditions to develop, but does not remain wet long enough to prevent the wetland from being farmed. Wetland #24 receives water as sheet flow from the surrounding lands and from Ephemeral #9. It drains toward Wetland #23. This wetland has been significantly disturbed by agricultural row crop production and therefore lacks persistent vegetation. Wetland #25 is an approximately 12.87-acre depressional farmed wetland located within the levee surrounding the agricultural field on the southeast side of the Southwestern Section of the Bank. Like the other farmed wetlands in this area of the Bank, this wetland exists in low areas that likely remain wet enough in the spring time for wetland conditions to develop, but do not remain wet long enough to prevent the wetland from being farmed. Wetland #25 is a sprawling system of narrow drainage paths and other associated low-lying areas. It receives water as sheet flow from the surrounding lands and from Ephemerals #15 and 16, which run through the wetland and provides runoff to

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Wetland #23. This wetland has been significantly disturbed by agricultural row crop production and therefore lacks persistent vegetation. Wetlands #23, #24 and #25 form a wetland complex along with Wetlands #27, #28, #29, #30, #31 and #32 and were scored as one unit using ORAM. The ORAM score for this complex is discussed after the description of Wetland #32. Wetland #26 is an approximately 0.14-acre farmed wetland located within the levee surrounding the agricultural field on the southeast side of the Southwestern Section of the Bank. Like the other depressional farmed wetlands in this area of the Bank, this wetland is in a low area that remains wet enough in the spring for wetland conditions to develop, but does not remain wet long enough to prevent the wetland from being farmed. Wetland #26 receives water as sheet flow from the surrounding lands. This wetland has been significantly disturbed by agricultural row crop production and therefore lacks native vegetation. Wetland #26 scored 18 on the ORAM scale, which ranks it as a Low Quality wetland. This score for Wetland #26 was predominately influenced by the wetland's small and isolated nature, the lack of buffers provided by surrounding agricultural field on three sides, and the disturbance of substrate and natural communities caused by farming. Wetland #27 is an approximately 0.17-acre depressional farmed wetland located within the levee surrounding the agricultural field in the southwest part of the Southwestern Section of the Bank. The landscape setting, hydrology and habitat of Wetland #27 are essentially equivalent to the conditions within Wetland #26. Wetland #28 is an approximately 0.48-acre palustrine scrub-shrub wetland located south of farmed Wetland #24 and north of the levee surrounding the agricultural field in the Southwestern Section of the Bank. The wetland receives water as sheet flow from the surrounding lands and is significantly lower in elevation than the surrounding farmed wetland which has allowed woody vegetation to become established, particularly black willow. Wetland #29 is an approximately 0.67-acre palustrine scrub-shrub wetland located east of Wetland #25 and west of the levee around the Southwestern Section of the Bank. Similar to Wetland #28, this wetland exists as a linear low spot adjacent to a levee. It receives water in concentrated flows from the surrounding lands as well as from Ephemerals #15 and #16. This wetland is within the levees, but in a location that does not drain well enough to have been farmed regularly. Consequently, native vegetation has been able to proliferate. It is dominated by black willow.

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Wetland #30 is an approximately 0.75-acre palustrine scrub-shrub wetland located south of the levee and north of Wetland #25, near the access road from Highway 116 on the Southwestern Section of the Bank. The wetland receives water as sheet flow from the surrounding lands. This wetland is within the levees, but in a location that is of relatively low elevation and does not drain well enough to have been farmed regularly. Consequently, black willow has been able to become established as the dominant species in the wetland. Wetland #31 is an approximately 0.89-acre palustrine emergent wetland, with 0.30 acre located within the Bank, located just south of Highway 116 where the highway berm functions as a portion of the levee system around the Southwestern Section of the Bank. This wetland is within the levees and appears to be an agricultural drainage swale that drains the row crop field to the south as well as sheet flow off of Highway 116 to the north. It is dominated by, dock leaf smartweed, water hemp and mild water pepper (Persicaria hydropiper). Wetland #32 is an approximately 0.48-acre palustrine scrub-shrub wetland located adjacent to the levee along the west side of the Southwestern Section of the Bank. The wetland receives water as sheet flow from the surrounding lands and from the agricultural swale to the north (Wetland #31). This wetland is within the levees but in a location that does not drain well enough to have been farmed regularly. Consequently, native vegetation has been able to proliferate. It is dominated by black willow, reed canary grass and narrow leaf cattail (Typha angustifolia). Wetlands #27, #28, #29, #30, #31 and #32 are connected to and form a wetland complex with Wetlands #23, #24 and #25 and all of these wetlands were scored as one unit using ORAM. The ORAM score for this complex is 24 points which indicates the low quality of this group of wetlands. Despite being a complex of wetlands over 20 acres in size, the lack of buffers from agricultural fields, the high intensity of the surrounding land use and the disturbance of substrate and habitat from farming limited these wetlands' score. Wetland #33 is an approximately 1.27-acre farmed wetland located west of the levee running along the west side of the Southwestern Section of the Bank. The wetland receives water as sheet flow from the surrounding lands and from floodwaters from the Platte River. This wetland has been significantly disturbed by agricultural row crop production and therefore lacks native vegetation. Wetland #34 is an approximately 0.79-acre palustrine forested wetland located in the southwestern portion of the site to the west of the levee. This wetland is outside of the adjacent levee system and is located immediately to the south of farmed Wetland #33.

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The wetland receives water as sheet flow from the surrounding lands and from the Platte River when it overtops its banks. It is dominated by silver maple, elderberry (Sambucus nigra) and Virginia wild rye. Wetlands #33 and 34 are connected and are scored as a wetland complex using ORAM. These wetlands earned a score of 35.5, which is in the low end of the Medium Quality tier. The forested nature of Wetland #34 and the buffer along the Platte River to the south and west of the wetlands increases the score. However, the lack of buffers from the levee to the east and from Highway 116 to the north and the substrate and habitat disturbance from farming in Wetland #33 limit the ORAM score for Wetlands #33 and 34. Wetland #35 is an approximately 4.38-acre farmed wetland on the east side of the Northern Section of the Bank. The wetland receives water as sheet flow from the surrounding lands from Castile Creek when it overtops it banks. This wetland has been significantly disturbed by agricultural row crop production and therefore lacks native vegetation. Wetland #35 abuts Wetland #5, forming a complex with Wetlands #4, #5, #6, and #7. These wetlands were scored together using ORAM and the score for the complex is reported above after the descriptions for Wetlands #5-7.

VII.

STREAMS

The main parameters that can influence the form and character of a stream include geology and watershed landforms, soil types, weather, plant forms, watershed hydrology, hydraulics, the amount of impermeable surfaces in the drainage area and the amount of sediment in runoff. These factors determine how stable a stream channel is and how quickly it evolves over time to respond to any changes in its watershed. In any given location the form of a stream channel is based upon the stream's ability to move sediment which occurs primarily through the processes of erosion and deposition. When the rate of erosion equals the rate of deposition at any point, a stream is considered to be stable at that location. In this idealized example some erosion occurs but not more than can be replaced by sedimentation. However, stating that a stream is geomorphically stable does not mean that the stream alignment is fixed in perpetuity. Stream alignment and cross section changes do occur in a geomorphically stable stream but only over long spans of time. As a result, stable streams do move and meander, but over the course of decades and centuries as opposed to months and years. This dynamic equilibrium is tipped out of balance when there is a substantial change in one or more of the previously stated watershed or stream channel parameters. When this

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occurs, either erosion or deposition will become the dominant process at a given location and the channel form will be unstable as the stream transitions to a new form that best matches the altered watershed or channel conditions. Stream alignment is generally evaluated using characteristics such as sinuosity, slope, width to depth ratio and entrenchment. Some geomorphically unstable streams have a bankfull capacity insufficient to convey the 1-year to 2-year storm events while others have a channel cross section too large to allow storm flows slightly greater than bankfull flows to flood outside the stream banks. A stream under either of these conditions is in the process of changing its form in order to regain the balance between erosion and deposition that will result in a stable cross section and alignment. Eventually this stream will transition to a form with a bankfull capacity sufficient to convey the channel-forming flows, which are the 1-year to 2-year storm events. Human activity is the most significant factor that triggers morphological changes in both urban and rural stream environments. Urbanization creates more drastic changes in watershed hydrology than rural land use alteration does due to the increase in impermeable surfaces associated with land development. The change from permeable to impermeable land cover drastically decreases the amount of water that normally percolates into the soil while simultaneously increasing the amount of surface water runoff that quickly flows into the nearest stream system. As a result, urbanized stream systems have to carry a larger amount of storm flow for a shorter duration than was the case historically. Additionally, the amount of base flow during the drier times of year is reduced because of the decrease in percolation. While not as severe, agricultural conversion of natural landscapes can lead to many of the same changes in watershed hydrology that affect stream channel form and function, especially when forested land is converted to crop production. Other common agricultural activities that affect stream health include the reduction in riparian buffer width, levee creation, stream channelization and the pollution of stream flows from eroded sediments, fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides. Three types of stream flow regimes are commonly encountered: ephemeral, intermittent and perennial. Ephemeral channels carry flow for short durations after rain and snowmelt events and are typically void of pools. Ephemeral channels can contain temporary pools but do not receive the ground water necessary in order to maintain pool presence. Intermittent channels receive ground water inputs in addition to overland runoff. Additionally, they carry flow for intermediate or seasonal durations and often contain pools. Pool formation is supported from the transport of ground water to the pools between periods of precipitation. Perennial channels represent higher order streams that carry flow more or less permanently and are observed to maintain constant pooling.

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Perennial channels are often associated with the inflow of one or more consistent ground water sources and are typically fed by ephemeral and intermittent channels. Information about the location, limits and nature of any onsite streams was collected during field visits by Terra Technologies on March 10, 11, 13, and 14 as well as on June 18 and August 28, 2014. The stream assessments were conducted through the inspection and characterization of channel characteristics, including a defined bed and bank and the presence of an ordinary high water mark (OHWM). Upon verification of an OHWM, physical attributes were measured and observed to determine channel width and depth and the extent of stream flow. There were twelve streams identified within the Bank: two perennial waterways (the Platte River and Castile Creek), Intermittent #1 and ephemeral streams #1 through #10. As with the wetlands near Highway 116, in this report the stream lengths have been altered from those listed in the Wetland Delineation and Jurisdictional Assessment report to reflect the proposed Bank boundary. The streams are depicted in Figure 10 and a discussion of each stream is included below.

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Figure 10. Existing Stream Limits

Approximate Bank Boundaries

The Platte River (Perennial #1) originates in Iowa and generally flows to the southeast through northwestern Missouri until its confluence with the Missouri River near Kansas City. It is the largest river within its 8-digit Hydrologic Unit Code. The most recent U.S. Geological Survey topographical map represents the Platte River as a double blue line, indicating a perennial river (U.S. Geological Survey, 2012; U.S. Geological Survey, 2005). It has an OHWM that averages about 150 feet in width and banks that average 20 feet tall and 215 feet wide. The substrate predominantly consists of sand with sporadic patches of gravel, boulders and silt. The Platte River at the location of the Bank is significantly incised with eroded outer bends. As mentioned earlier, much of the

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historical Platte River floodplain area within the Bank has been separated from this river by levee construction. The Platte River flows for approximately 6,042 lineal feet within the Bank and has a substantial drainage area. Within the Bank the Platte River is bordered by a Riverfront Forest natural plant community dominated by silver maple, American elm, elderberry, and Virginia wild rye. Surface water from the Platte River flows offsite in a southeasterly direction then generally travels to the southwest approximately 50 river miles and into the Missouri River. Historical topographic maps and aerial photos included in Appendix A show no significant alteration in the course of the Platte River adjacent to the Bank since 1925, although the river and stream alignments on the 1925 topographic map do not appear to be highly accurate. The levees around the Bank are not shown on the 1925 topographic map but are visible in the 1947 aerial photograph. At some time between the 1980 and the 1996 aerial photographs, the levee on the south side of the site along the Platte River was reconstructed from its relatively straight alignment to a more curved path farther to the south, capturing more land within the levee and making that land available for crop production. The 1925 topographic map also shows two meanders on the Platte River south of the Bank, between the Bank and Kendzora Conservation Area. In the 1951 topographic map (shown as Figure 2 in Appendix A), the southern meander has been abandoned through a cutoff channel and subsequent topographic maps show that between 1961 and 2012 a cutoff channel forced the Platte River to abandon the more sinuous path of the northern meander and take its current alignment (U.S Geological Survey, 2012; 1961; 1951; 1925). This channelization immediately downstream of the Bank, along with other similar channelization efforts elsewhere on the Platte River, likely contributed to the change in the energy and sediment balance of the Platte River and is potentially a causal factor in the bank erosion and downcutting observed at the Bank location. Castile Creek (Perennial #2) originates northeast of the Bank and generally flows to the southwest. It has an OHWM that averages 44 feet in width and banks that average 20 feet tall and 105 feet wide. The substrate predominantly consists of sediment, gravel and cobble. Castile Creek extends at stream centerline approximately 5,560 lineal feet within the Bank and has a drainage area of approximately 172 square miles. Castile Creek is bordered by a Riverfront Forest natural plant community dominated by silver maple, sycamore, American elm, elderberry and Virginia wild rye. Surface water from Castile Creek flows generally to the south and into the Platte River. Intermittent #1 is a stream that originates northeast of the Bank and generally flows to the southwest and into Castile Creek on its left descending bank. This stream was

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determined to be intermittent in nature because of the presence of riffle pool complexes and, most importantly, observations of ground water feeding the stream during a time when surface water runoff was absent. It has an OHWM that averages three feet in width and banks that average six feet tall and fifteen feet wide. The substrate predominantly consists of sediment, gravel and bedrock. Intermittent #1 has a drainage area of approximately 24 acres and extends at stream centerline approximately 118 lineal feet within the Bank. Within the Bank, the stream is surrounded by a riparian buffer dominated by honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos), hackberry (Celtis occidentalis), walnut (Juglans nigra), white oak (Quercus alba), red oak, coralberry (Symphoricarpos orbiculatus), Virginia wild rye and wood sedge. Ephemeral #1 originates west of the Bank and generally flows to the northeast onto the Bank in the forested western portion of the Northern Section. The original likely path of this stream within the floodplain was destroyed through earthwork to create the agricultural field in the Northern Section and by the creation of the adjacent levee. As is commonly done with streams of this size, a small diversion berm was created at the edge of the row crop field to keep the stream's flows out of the field to eliminate unwanted soil saturation and to maximize the plantable acreage in the field. As a result, the hydrology within Ephemeral #1 was diverted to the north into the depression that contains Wetland #1. In all likelihood, this depression was created to function as a retention basin as part of the previously described earthwork. Ephemeral #1 has an OHWM that averages three feet in width and banks that average two feet tall and five feet wide. The substrate predominantly consists of sediment. It extends at stream centerline approximately 174 lineal feet within the subject area and has a drainage area of approximately 14 acres. Within the Bank, the stream is surrounded by a riparian buffer dominated by white oak, shingle oak (Quercus imbricaria), honey locust, cedar (Juniperus virginiana), hackberry, American elm, coralberry, rough leaf dogwood (Cornus drummondii), Virginia wild rye and wood sedge. Ephemeral #2 originates in the southeastern part of the Northern Section of the Bank and generally flows to the northeast and into Castile Creek from the right descending bank. It has an OHWM that averages two feet in width and banks that average two feet tall and three feet wide. The substrate predominantly consists of sediment. It extends at stream centerline approximately 104 lineal feet within the subject area and has a drainage area of roughly seven acres. This stream is surrounded by Wetland #5, a riparian buffer dominated by black willow, reed canary grass, and giant ragweed. Ephemeral #3 is a stream that originates in the northern portion of the Southeastern Section and generally flows to the northeast and into Castile Creek. It collects water from Highway 116 and from the adjacent Wetlands #5, #6 and #7. Ephemeral #3 has an

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OHWM that averages two feet in width and banks that average four feet tall and six feet wide. The substrate predominantly consists of sediment. It extends at stream centerline approximately 233 lineal feet within the subject area and has a drainage area of approximately 28 acres. Within the Bank, the stream is surrounded by a riparian buffer dominated by black willow, silver maple, reed canary grass and Frank's sedge. Ephemeral #4 is a stream that originates in the center of the Southeastern Section of the Bank and generally flows to the northeast and into Castile Creek from the right descending bank. This stream receives hydrology from Wetlands #15, #16 and #17. Before the agricultural conversion of the Bank and the creation of the levees south of Highway 116, Ephemeral #4 extended farther to the west than its current upstream terminus in a wetland basin. The historical evidence of this can be seen in the aerial photograph from 1947 as shown in Figure 5 in Appendix A. The photo depicts a distinct line of the historic stream channel which is interrupted by the levee. This corresponds to the present-day alignments of Ephemeral #4 and Wetlands #15, #16, #17 east of levee and an arm of Wetland #25 west of the levee which meet perfectly at opposing sides of the levee. Ephemeral #4 has an OHWM that averages three feet in width and banks that average five feet tall and nine feet wide. The substrate predominantly consists of sediment. It extends at stream centerline approximately 729 lineal feet within the subject area and has a drainage area of approximately 24 acres. This stream is surrounded by a riparian buffer similar to that of Castile Creek. Ephemeral #5 originates on the south side of farmed Wetland #10 in the central portion of the Southeastern Section of the Bank and generally flows to the southeast and into Ephemeral #4. Ephemeral #5 has an OHWM that averages two feet in width and banks that average three feet tall and four feet wide. The substrate predominantly consists of sediment. It extends at stream centerline approximately 253 lineal feet within the subject area and has a drainage area of approximately nine acres. This stream is surrounded by a riparian buffer similar to that of Perennial #2, with the addition of cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) and dock leaf smart weed in its upstream unforested portion. Ephemeral #6 is a stream that originates on the east side of the Southeastern Section of the Bank. It receives hydrology form Wetlands #13 and #14 and generally flows to the southeast into Castile Creek from the right descending bank. It has an OHWM that averages three feet in width and banks that average two feet tall and four feet wide. The substrate predominantly consists of sediment. It extends at stream centerline approximately 447 lineal feet within the subject area and has a drainage area of approximately seven acres. The nature of the riparian buffer is similar to that of Castile Creek.

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Ephemeral #7 originates from Wetland #18 in the Southeastern Section of the Bank and generally flows to the east and into Castile Creek from the right descending bank. Its drainage area of approximately 19 acres, which includes Wetlands #18, #19 and #20, provides sufficient hydrology to maintain a stream channel. Ephemeral #7 has an OHWM that averages three feet in width and banks that average three feet tall and four feet wide. The substrate predominantly consists of sediment. It extends at stream centerline approximately 370 lineal feet within the Bank. The stream is surrounded by a riparian buffer similar to that of Castile Creek. Similar to Ephemeral #4, this stream historically extended to the west far beyond its current limit. The original clearing of the land, agricultural earthwork and the creation of the levees south of Highway 116 disrupted the upstream limits of this stream and its tributary and separated the upstream limit of the historical path of Ephemeral #7 and its tributary from the downstream portion of Ephemeral #7. The historical evidence of this can be seen in aerial photographs from 1947 and 1960 as shown in Figures 5 and 7 in Appendix A. These photographs show distinct lines of Ephemeral #8 and Ephemeral #9 continuing east of the levee and converging Wetland #18 to form Ephemeral #7. Ephemeral #8 originates in the center of the row crop fields in the Southwestern Section of the Bank and generally flows to the southeast. The historical flow path towards Ephemeral #7 is blocked by the levee and consequently Ephemeral #8 flows directly south along the levee and into a drain pipe at the southeast corner of the agricultural field in the Southwestern Section which carries the water under the levee and into the Platte River. Ephemeral #8 has an OHWM that averages three feet in width and banks that average three feet tall and eight feet wide. The substrate predominantly consists of sediment. It extends at stream centerline approximately 2,416 lineal feet within the subject area and has a drainage area of approximately 105 acres. The stream generally has no riparian corridor as it is primarily within an agricultural row crop field. Ephemeral #9 is generally similar to Ephemeral #8 in that it is an ephemeral stream within the levee system south of Highway 116 that functions primarily as a drainage system for the large surrounding row crop field. It flows to the east, then south until disrupted from its original path towards Ephemeral #7 by the levee system at the southeast corner of the Southwestern Section of the site. When the flow of Ephemeral #9 reaches the levee it merges with Ephemeral #8 and flows through the drainage pipe in the southeastern corner of the levees into the Platte River. Ephemeral #9 has an OHWM that averages four feet in width and banks that average three feet tall and eight feet wide. It extends at stream centerline approximately 920 lineal feet within the subject area and has a drainage area of approximately 61 acres. The substrate predominantly consists of sediment and lacks a riparian buffer because it is surrounded by the agricultural row crop field.

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September 2014

Baseline Conditions Assessment

Buchanan County, Missouri

Ephemeral #10 is a stream that originates in the eastern part of the Southeastern Section of the Bank and generally flows to the southwest and into Castile Creek from the left descending bank. It has an OHWM that averages three feet in width and banks that average nine feet tall and fifteen feet wide. The substrate predominantly consists of sediment, gravel, cobble and some bedrock. It extends at stream centerline approximately 128 lineal feet within the subject area and has a drainage area of approximately 10 acres. Within the assessed site, the stream is surrounded by a riparian buffer similar to that of Intermittent #1 with the addition of sycamore.

VIII.

SUMMARY

This roughly 299.80-acre proposed Castile Creek Wetland and Stream Mitigation Bank is located in southeast Buchanan County, Missouri at the confluence of Castile Creek with the Platte River on the large shared alluvial plain of these two watercourses. Ecologically, the Bank would have been dominated by riparian forests and floodplain wetlands in the wide expanses of bottomlands on the site with some upland prairies and forested riparian buffers on rolling loess hills. Currently, the area surrounding the Bank is a rural landscape with land use consisting of crop fields, pastures, woodlots and dispersed home sites. The entirety of the bottomland portions of the bank are within the 100-year floodplain and FEMA flood water surface elevation profiles indicate a 10% annual chance (ten year) flood would result in approximately four feet of water on parts of the site if the levees were not present. These levees were constructed to protect the agricultural row crop fields from flooding. By doing so, the levees have severed more than 170 acres of former floodplain within the Bank from the Platte River and Castile Creek, a change with significant effects on the energy dynamics and ecosystem health within those waterways. Agricultural earthwork has also modified the way in which the landscape collects, moves and holds surface water. The soils on the lowland areas of the Bank are Colo silty clay loam, Dockery silty clay loam and Nodaway silt loam, all of which are capable of retaining water long enough for wetland conditions to develop. These three soils are part of the Colo-Nodaway-Zook association and the Sponsor's previous experience with soils of this association at other wetland and stream mitigation banks supports the premise that these soils will support wetlands. The hydrology and soils of this Bank site are thus deemed amenable to stream and wetland mitigation activities.

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September 2014

Baseline Conditions Assessment

Buchanan County, Missouri

Similar to the hydrologic nature of the site, the plant communities on the Bank have been dramatically altered from their natural state by agriculture. Native plant communities are absent from most of the site although remnant Riverfront Forest, and Degraded Mesic Limestone/Dolomite Forest and degraded wetland communities still exist. Instead of the natural habitats that existed before agricultural conversion, most of the Bank lands currently exist as agricultural fields dominated by row crops and levees dominated by early successional plant species. There are 33 wetlands totaling 79.03 acres delineated within the Bank although this has been yet to be confirmed by a Corps' Jurisdictional Determination. Assessing the ecological quality of these wetlands using the Ohio Rapid Assessment Method (ORAM), none were determined to be of greater quality than the middle to lower end of the medium quality range and the majority were categorized as being of low quality. However, all wetlands are able to be rehabilitated or enhanced through improvements to their hydrology, vegetation, buffers and their hydrologic connectivity to surrounding wetlands and streams. The Bank contains 12 waterways including the Platte River, Castile Creek, one intermittent stream, and 10 ephemeral streams. The Platte River is incised and is experiencing moderate bank erosion along an outer bend within the Bank. Castile Creek is incised with bank erosion and there are large downed trees within the channel. The riparian buffers are generally narrow, averaging less than 100 feet. Additionally, several of the ephemeral streams within the site have been altered to either remove them from their former path to allow for more agricultural production (Ephemeral #1) or to separate them from their upstream or downstream segments via levee construction and then modified through earthwork (Ephemerals #4, #8, and #9). Despite the generally degraded nature of the upland, wetland and stream habitats on the site, none of the impairments are so severe that they cannot be reversed or at least substantially improved. The quality of the soils, sufficient hydrology that flows across the site, remnant natural plant communities and existing wetland and stream resources all indicate that this site has substantial capacity for successful restoration of aquatic ecosystem functions through future mitigation activities. These improvements will allow the Bank to protect and improve the aquatic habitats and ecosystem functions at this important location on the shared Platte River and Castile Creek floodplain.

IX.

REFERENCES

Center for Applied Research and Environmental Systems. 2014. Missouri Interactive Maps. College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri,

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Columbia, Missouri. Retrieved from: http://ims.missouri.edu/moims2008/step1AOI.aspx ?status=NEW. Accessed on: June 16, 2014. Chapman, S.S., Omernik, J.M., Griffith, G.E., Schroeder, W.A., Nigh, T.A., and Wilton, T.F.. 2002. Ecoregions of Iowa and Missouri (color poster with map, descriptive text, summary tables, and photographs): Reston, Virginia, U.S. Geological Survey (map scale 1:1,800,000). Retrieved from: ftp://ftp.epa.gov/wed/ecoregions/mo/moia_front.pdf. Accessed on May 1, 2014. Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Technical Report Y-87-1, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS. NTIS No. AD A176 912. ESRI. 2014. Imagery Basemap. Using: ArcGIS Explorer 2500: ESRI, Redlands, CA. ESRI. 2014a. Streets Basemap. Using: ArcGIS Explorer 2500: ESRI, Redlands, CA. Mack, J.J. 2001. Ohio Rapid Assessment Method for Wetlands, Manual for Using Version 5.0. Ohio EPA Technical Bulletin Wetland/2001-1-1. Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Division of Surface Water, 401 Wetland Ecology Unit, Columbus, Ohio. Lockridge, E.D. 1989. Soil Survey of Buchanan County, Missouri. USDA-SCS. U.S. Gov. Print. Office, Washington, DC. Retrieved from the Missouri Cooperative Soil Survey: http://soils.missouri.edu/survey/manuscript.asp?series=MO021 Accessed on May 14, 2014. National Cooperative Soil Survey. 2008. Official Series Description ­ Knox Series. Retrieved from: https://soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/K/KNOX.html. Accessed on May 14, 2014. National Cooperative Soil Survey. 2006. Official Series Description ­ Nodaway Series. Retrieved from: https://soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/N/NODAWAY.html. Accessed on May: 14, 2014. National Cooperative Soil Survey. 2006a. Official Series Description ­ Colo Series. Retrieved from: https://soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/C/COLO.html. Accessed on May: 14, 2014. National Cooperative Soil Survey. 2004. Official Series Description ­ Gasconade Series. Retrieved from: https://soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/G/GASCONADE.html. Accessed on: May 14, 2014.

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Baseline Conditions Assessment

Buchanan County, Missouri

National Cooperative Soil Survey. 2000. Official Series Description ­ Dockery Series. Retrieved from: https://soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/D/DOCKERY.html. Accessed on: May 14, 2014. National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). 1978. Flood Insurance Rate Map, Buchanan County, Missouri (Unincorporated Areas) Community Panel Number 290040 0035 A. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Map Service Center. Retrieved from https://msc.fema.gov/. Accessed on: May 14, 2014. Nelson, P.W. 2005. The Terrestrial Natural Communities of Missouri. Produced by the Missouri Natural Areas Committee. Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil Taxonomy: A Basic System of Soil Classification for Making and Interpreting Soil Surveys. Agriculture Handbook Number 436. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. Soil Survey Staff. 2014. Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Web Soil Survey. Retrieved from: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/. Accessed on: May 14, 2014. Tennessee Valley Authority. n.d. TVA Version of the Ohio Rapid Assessment Method. Retrieved from https://sewwg.rti.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket= iwEXTwKNRLM%3D&tabid=60. Accessed on: July 21, 2014. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 2010. Regional supplement to the Corps of Engineers wetland delineation manual: Midwest region (version 2.0). ed. J.S. Wakeley, R.W. Lichvar, and C.V. Noble. ERDC/EL TR-10-16. Vicksburg, MS: U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center. USDA National Agriculture Statistics Service (USDA-NASS). 2007. Missouri 30-Year Monthly and Annual Average Precipitation by District and County: 1981-2010. USDANASS Missouri Field Office Retrieved from: http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/Missouri/Publications/Weather_Data/MO 1981-2010 Precip Averages.pdf. Accessed on: May 5, 2014. USDA Soil Conservation Service. 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States. Federal Register 59(133): 35680-35681, July 13, 1994. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. n.d. Wetlands. Retrieved from: http://137.227.242.85/ArcGIS/services/Wetlands. Map produced using ArcGIS Explorer 2500: ESRI, Redlands, CA.

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Baseline Conditions Assessment

Buchanan County, Missouri

U.S. Geological Survey. 1925. Edgerton quadrangle, Missouri [map]. 1:24,000. 7.5 Minute Series. United States Department of the Interior, USGS. Retrieved from: http://store.usgs.gov/b2c_usgs/usgs/maplocator/%28ctype=areaDetails&xcm=r3standardpit rex_prd&carea=%24ROOT&layout=6_1_61_48&uiarea=2%29/.do Accessed on: May 5, 2014. U.S. Geological Survey. 1951. Edgerton quadrangle, Missouri [map]. 1:24,000. 7.5 Minute Series. United States Department of the Interior, USGS. Retrieved from: http://store.usgs.gov/b2c_usgs/usgs/maplocator/%28ctype=areaDetails&xcm=r3standardpit rex_prd&carea=%24ROOT&layout=6_1_61_48&uiarea=2%29/.do Accessed on: May 5, 2014. U.S. Geological Survey. 1961. Edgerton quadrangle, Missouri [map]. 1:24,000. 7.5 Minute Series. United States Department of the Interior, USGS. Retrieved from: http://store.usgs.gov/b2c_usgs/usgs/maplocator/%28ctype=areaDetails&xcm=r3standardpit rex_prd&carea=%24ROOT&layout=6_1_61_48&uiarea=2%29/.do Accessed on: May 5, 2014. U.S. Geological Survey. 2005. Topographic Map Symbols. United States Department of the Interior, USGS. Retrieved from: http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/TopographicMapSymbols/topomapsymbols.pdf Accessed on: May 28, 2014. U.S. Geological Survey. 2012. Edgerton quadrangle, Missouri [map]. 1:24,000. 7.5 Minute Series. United States Department of the Interior, USGS. Retrieved from: http://store.usgs.gov/b2c_usgs/usgs/maplocator/%28ctype=areaDetails&xcm=r3standardpit rex_prd&carea=%24ROOT&layout=6_1_61_48&uiarea=2%29/.do Accessed on: May 5, 2014.

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APPENDIX A HISTORICAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS & AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS

APPENDIX B PHOTOGRAPHIC DOCUMENTATION

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/10/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing east showing the west side of farmed Wetland #3.

PHOTO #: 1

DATE: 3/10/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing north showing another view of farmed Wetland #3. Note that the elevation on the left side of the photograph is lower that the elevation on the right side. This has created a bowllike feature in the topography and has allowed wetland characteristics to develop.

PHOTO #: 2

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/10/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing north showing the agricultural row crop field at this location. Note that farmed Wetland #3 can be seen on the right side of the photograph.

PHOTO #: 3

DATE: 3/10/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing south showing the upland agricultural field at this location in the central part of the Northern Section of the Bank.

PHOTO #: 4

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/10/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing west showing rows of corn at this location which were used to determine the limits between the farmed Wetland #3 and the scrub-shrub Wetland #2.

PHOTO #: 5

DATE: 3/10/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing north showing the typical upland characteristic of the forested hillslope at this location.

PHOTO #: 6

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/10/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing southwest looking upstream on Ephemeral #1.

PHOTO #: 7

DATE: 3/10/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing northeast looking downstream on Ephemeral #1.

PHOTO #: 8

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/10/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing south showing the southern portion of Wetland #1.

PHOTO #: 9

DATE: 3/10/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing north showing Wetland #1. Note that the feature in the middle of the wetland is a deer path and not a stream channel.

PHOTO #: 10

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/10/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing northwest showing the northern portion of Wetland #1.

PHOTO #: 11

DATE: 3/10/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing north showing the overflow pipe that drains Wetland #1.

PHOTO #: 12

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/10/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing northwest showing Perennial #2 (Castile Creek) as it flows onto the site.

PHOTO #: 13

DATE: 3/10/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing southeast looking downstream on Castile Creek after it flows onto the site.

PHOTO #: 14

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/10/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing east showing Wetland #2.

PHOTO #: 15

DATE: 3/10/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing west showing Wetland #2.

PHOTO #: 16

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/10/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing south showing the drain pipe at this location.

PHOTO #: 17

DATE: 3/10/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing south showing Wetland #2.

PHOTO #: 18

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/10/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing north showing Wetland #5.

PHOTO #: 19

DATE: 3/10/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing south showing the Wetland #5 and the road embankment for Highway 116.

PHOTO #: 20

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/10/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing southwest showing the eastern side of Wetland #5.

PHOTO #: 21

DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing southeast showing Wetland #4.

PHOTO #: 22

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing north west showing the riparian buffer along Castile Creek. Note that this area is a high spot in the topography which cannot hold water.

PHOTO #: 23

DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing southwest looking upstream on Ephemeral #2 before it flows into Castile Creek.

PHOTO #: 24

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing northeast showing Ephemeral #2 as it flows into Castile Creek.

PHOTO #: 25

DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing northeast looking downstream from the start of Ephemeral #2.

PHOTO #: 26

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing southwest showing Wetland #7

PHOTO #: 27

DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing northeast showing Wetland #7.

PHOTO #: 28

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing northeast showing Wetland #6.

PHOTO #: 29

DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing north showing Wetland #6.

PHOTO #: 30

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing southeast showing looking upstream from the start of Ephemeral #3. From this location to the southwest the channel becomes vegetated.

PHOTO #: 31

DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing northeast looking downstream from the start of Ephemeral #3. Though the channel is cluttered with willow droppings, there is a clear ordinary high water mark at this location and downstream.

PHOTO #: 32

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing south showing Wetland #11.

PHOTO #: 33

DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing east showing the upland row crop field at this location.

PHOTO #: 34

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing northeast showing Wetland #10.

PHOTO #: 35

DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing east overlooking the eastern portion of Wetland #10.

PHOTO #: 36

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing southeast showing the Castile Creek riparian buffer which was determined to be upland. While difficult to discern, this area is actually at a higher elevation than Wetland #6 to the north and it also appeared to be well drained.

PHOTO #: 37

DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing east showing the western portion of Wetland #12 as well as the upland area that is a higher ridge in the center of the field.

PHOTO #: 38

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing west showing Wetland #12.

PHOTO #: 39

DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing northwest looking upstream from the start of Ephemeral #5. Note that there is still a slight channel that continues on from this point but the channel is an erosional feature which is vegetated.

PHOTO #: 40

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing southeast looking downstream from the start of Ephemeral #5. Note that the channel is more defined and is not fully vegetated, and that there is not a clear ordinary high water mark.

PHOTO #: 41

DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing northwest looking upstream on Ephemeral #5 before it flows into Ephemeral #4.

PHOTO #: 42

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing northwest showing Ephemeral #5 as it flows into Ephemeral #4.

PHOTO #: 43

DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing east showing Wetland #17.

PHOTO #: 44

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing west showing Wetland #15 in the foreground and Wetland #16 in the background.

PHOTO #: 45

DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing northeast showing Wetland #16.

PHOTO #: 46

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing northeast showing the eastern portion of Wetland #15.

PHOTO #: 47

DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing southwest looking upstream from the start of Ephemeral #4. Photograph also shows the farmed crossing portion of Wetland #15.

PHOTO #: 48

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing northeast looking downstream from the start of Ephemeral #4.

PHOTO #: 49

DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing northeast looking downstream on Ephemeral #4.

PHOTO #: 50

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing west looking upstream on Ephemeral #4 before it flows into Castile Creek.

PHOTO #: 51

DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing east showing Ephemeral #4 as it flows into Castile Creek.

PHOTO #: 52

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing northwest showing Wetland #13. While some vegetation is growing at this location, the observation of soy bean stubble and researching historical aerials determined that this wetland is a farmed wetland.

PHOTO #: 53

DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing southeast showing Wetland #13. While some vegetation is growing at this location, the observation of soy bean stubble and researching historical aerials determined that this wetland is a farmed wetland.

PHOTO #: 54

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing north showing Wetland #14.

PHOTO #: 55

DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing northwest looking upstream from the start of Ephemeral #6.

PHOTO #: 56

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing southeast looking downstream from the start of Ephemeral #6.

PHOTO #: 57

DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing southeast looking downstream on Ephemeral #6.

PHOTO #: 58

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing northwest looking upstream on Ephemeral #6 upstream of where it flows into Castile Creek.

PHOTO #: 59

DATE: 3/11/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing southeast looking downstream on Ephemeral #6 as it flows into Castile Creek.

PHOTO #: 60

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing east showing Wetland #19.

PHOTO #: 61

DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing west showing the upland row crop field at this location. Note that this portion of the field is at a higher elevation.

PHOTO #: 62

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing southeast showing another view of Wetland #19. Note the bean stubble that can be seen throughout this area.

PHOTO #: 63

DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing north showing Wetland #20.

PHOTO #: 64

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing south showing Wetland #18.

PHOTO #: 65

DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing northeast showing the elevation change from Wetland #18 on the left side of the photograph to the upland Platte River riparian buffer on the right.

PHOTO #: 66

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing south showing the Platte River riparian buffer which was determined not to be a wetland.

PHOTO #: 67

DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing northeast showing the western portion of Wetland #18.

PHOTO #: 68

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing east showing the elevation change from Wetland #18 on the left side of the photograph to the upland Platte River riparian buffer on the right.

PHOTO #: 69

DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing northwest showing Castile Creek immediately upstream of its confluence with the Platte River (Perennial #1).

PHOTO #: 70

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing southwest looking upstream on the Platte River upstream of where it flows off the site.

PHOTO #: 71

DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing southeast looking downstream on the Platte River as it flows off the site.

PHOTO #: 72

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing southwest (looking upstream) from the start of Ephemeral #7, and also showing another view of Wetland #18.

PHOTO #: 73

DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing northeast looking downstream from the start of Ephemeral #7.

PHOTO #: 74

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing west showing another view of Wetland #18.

PHOTO #: 75

DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing west showing the southern portion of Wetland #19.

PHOTO #: 76

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing west looking upstream on Ephemeral #7 before it flows into Castile Creek.

PHOTO #: 77

DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing east looking downstream on Ephemeral #7 as it flows into Castile Creek.

PHOTO #: 78

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing east showing the agricultural row crop field at this location. This portion of the field is at a higher elevation than the surrounding field.

PHOTO #: 79

DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing south showing Wetland #25.

PHOTO #: 80

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing west showing Wetland #25 and Wetland #30. It should be noted that the drain pipe within the levees was plugged at the time of the photograph and it is likely that water levels are usually much lower at present. This is the case throughout this entire field within the levees.

PHOTO #: 81

DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing northeast showing Wetland #25 in the foreground and Wetland #29 in the background.

PHOTO #: 82

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing west showing Wetland #25.

PHOTO #: 83

DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing north showing Wetland #25.

PHOTO #: 84

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing south showing Wetland #25 and Wetland #29.

PHOTO #: 85

DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing north showing Wetland #25 and Wetland #30.

PHOTO #: 86

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing south showing Wetland #25.

PHOTO #: 87

DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing north showing Wetland #25 and Wetland #29.

PHOTO #: 88

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing south showing Wetland #25 and Wetland #29.

PHOTO #: 89

DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing northwestern portion of Wetland #31.

PHOTO #: 90

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing south showing Wetland #32.

PHOTO #: 91

DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing northwest showing the Platte River as it flows onto the site.

PHOTO #: 92

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing south showing the Platte River after if flows onto the site.

PHOTO #: 93

DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing south showing Wetland #33.

PHOTO #: 94

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing east showing another view of Wetland #25.

PHOTO #: 95

DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing west showing where Wetland #25 connects to Wetland #32.

PHOTO #: 96

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/13/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing south showing the arm of Wetland #25 at this location.

PHOTO #: 97

DATE: 3/14/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing east showing Wetland #34.

PHOTO #: 98

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/14/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing east showing the western portion of Wetland #24.

PHOTO #: 99

DATE: 3/14/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing northwest showing the southern portion of Wetland #32.

PHOTO #: 100

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/14/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing south showing another view of Wetland #24.

PHOTO #: 101

DATE: 3/14/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing east showing Wetland #27.

PHOTO #: 102

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/14/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing north showing Wetland #28.

PHOTO #: 103

DATE: 3/14/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing east showing Wetland #21.

PHOTO #: 104

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/14/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing north showing Wetland #22.

PHOTO #: 105

DATE: 3/14/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing east showing Wetland #26.

PHOTO #: 106

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 8/28/14 TAKEN BY: CG

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing north looking upstream on Ephemeral #8 and showing Wetland #25.

PHOTO #: 107

DATE: 8/28/14 TAKEN BY: CG COMMENTS: Photograph facing south looking downstream on Ephemeral #8.

PHOTO #: 108

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 8/28/14 TAKEN BY: CG

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing south looking downstream on Ephemeral #8 and showing Wetland #23.

PHOTO #: 109

DATE: 8/28/14 TAKEN BY: CG COMMENTS: Photograph facing northwest showing the confluence of Ephemeral #8 and Ephemeral #9 at the drain pipe through the levee.

PHOTO #: 110

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 8/28/14 TAKEN BY: CG

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing northeast looking upstream on Ephemeral #9.

PHOTO #: 111

DATE: 8/28/14 TAKEN BY: CG COMMENTS: Photograph facing west looking upstream on Ephemeral #9.

PHOTO #: 112

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 8/28/14 TAKEN BY: CG

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing southeast looking downstream on Ephemeral #8 as it flows out of the levee drain pipe. Note that at the time of the Photo the Platte River was up and the water seen in the channel is back water from the Platte River.

PHOTO #: 113

DATE: 3/14/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing east showing the upland row crop field in the foreground and Wetland #23 in the background.

PHOTO #: 114

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/14/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing west showing Wetland #24.

PHOTO #: 115

DATE: 3/14/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing east showing Wetland #24.

PHOTO #: 116

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/14/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing west showing Wetland #24 and Ephemeral #9.

PHOTO #: 117

DATE: 3/14/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing east showing Wetland #24 and Ephemeral #9.

PHOTO #: 118

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/14/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing east showing Wetland #24.

PHOTO #: 119

DATE: 3/14/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing west showing the upland agricultural row crop field.

PHOTO #: 120

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 8/28/14 TAKEN BY: CG

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing southwest showing Ephemeral #8 and Wetland #25.

PHOTO #: 121

DATE: 8/28/14 TAKEN BY: CG COMMENTS: Photograph facing northeast Showing Ephemeral #8 and Wetland #25.

PHOTO #: 122

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 8/28/14 TAKEN BY: CG

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing east showing looking downstream from the start of Ephemeral #8 and showing Wetland #25.

PHOTO #: 123

DATE: 8/28/14 TAKEN BY: CG COMMENTS: Photograph facing west looking upstream from the start of Ephemeral #8 and showing Wetland #25. Note that there is no longer a channel.

PHOTO #: 124

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/14/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing north showing this Wetland #25 and Wetland #29.

PHOTO #: 125

DATE: 3/14/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing north showing this Wetland #25 and Wetland #29.

PHOTO #: 126

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/14/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing north showing upland row crop field at this location.

PHOTO #: 127

DATE: 3/14/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing east showing the upland row crop field at this location.

PHOTO #: 128

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/14/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing south showing the upland farm field which was planted with corn.

PHOTO #: 129

DATE: 3/14/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing west showing the upland agricultural field at this location.

PHOTO #: 130

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/14/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing southeast showing a Portion of Wetland #25. This portion of the wetland appears to be a drainage ditch that was dug in order to drain the water the from the irrigation pad at this location.

PHOTO #: 131

DATE: 3/14/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing north showing Wetland #25 at this location.

PHOTO #: 132

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/14/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing south showing Wetland #25 at this location.

PHOTO #: 133

DATE: 3/14/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing north showing Wetland #25 at this location.

PHOTO #: 134

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/14/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing south showing Wetland #25 at this location.

PHOTO #: 135

DATE: 3/14/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing northeast showing a waterfall on Intermittent #1. Note the water that is flowing over the fall. All of the water that is flow in Intermittent #1 at the time of this photograph was completely fed by ground water.

PHOTO #: 136

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/14/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing southwest looking downstream on Intermittent #1 as it flows into Castile Creek.

PHOTO #: 137

DATE: 3/14/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing south east showing the typical upland conditions and steep slopes of the forested area east of Castile Creek.

PHOTO #: 138

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/14/14 TAKEN BY: DD

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

COMMENTS: Photograph facing northeast showing the steep slopes of the row crop field at this location.

PHOTO #: 139

DATE: 3/14/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing east looking upstream on Ephemeral #10 before it flows into Castile Creek.

PHOTO #: 140

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

PHOTO LOG DATE: 3/14/14 TAKEN BY: DD COMMENTS: Photograph facing southwest looking downstream on Ephemeral #10 as it flows into Castile Creek.

PHOTO #: 141

SITE NAME: CASTILE CREEK WETLAND & STREAM MITIGATION BANK

APPENDIX C OHIO RAPID ASSESSMENT METHOD FOR WETLANDS USER'S MANUAL & SCORING FORMS

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TERRA TECHNOLOGIES Prospectus Mitigation Banking Instrument For the

Nishnabotna / Platte EDU Wetland & Stream Umbrella Mitigation Bank

October 2014

1920 West 143rd Street, Suite 140 · Leawood, KS 66224 Phone: 913-385-9560 · Fax: 913-385-5295 http://www.terratechnologies.com

Prospectus

Nishnabotna / Platte EDU Wetland & Stream Umbrella Mitigation Bank

TABLE OF CONTENTS I.

INTRODUCTION............................................................................... 1

II.

OBJECTIVES ..................................................................................... 1

III.

ESTABLISHMENT AND OPERATION ......................................... 2

IV.

SERVICE AREA................................................................................. 7

V.

GENERAL NEED AND TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY ................. 8

VI.

CURRENT AND LONG-TERM OWNERSHIP ARRANGEMENTS AND LONG-TERM MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ....................................................................................... 11

VII. SPONSOR QUALIFICATIONS ..................................................... 13 VIII. ECOLOGICAL SUITABILITY ...................................................... 14 IX.

WATER RIGHTS, MINERAL RIGHTS & EXISTING REAL ESTATE ENCUMBRANCES.......................................................... 14

X.

REFERENCES .................................................................................. 15

APPENDICES Appendix A: Appendix B: Appendix C:

Financial Assurances: Letter of Credit Example Site Protection Instrument Example Sponsor Qualifications

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I.

Nishnabotna / Platte EDU Wetland & Stream Umbrella Mitigation Bank

INTRODUCTION

Swallow Tail, LLC (the Sponsor) is proposing to establish the Nishnabotna / Platte EDU Wetland & Stream Umbrella Mitigation Bank (the Bank) which will describe the establishment and operation of individual wetland and/or stream mitigation sites (mitigation sites) within the watershed service area in northwest Missouri. The Final Umbrella Mitigation Banking Instrument will define general guidelines applicable to all mitigation sites authorized as part of the Bank but certain site-specific details will be included in the mitigation plan for each mitigation site. These mitigation plans will become attachments to this umbrella mitigation banking instrument upon approval. The establishment of this umbrella mitigation bank will streamline the production of the Sponsor's mitigation plans and reduce regulatory workloads in the watershed service area in comparison to the establishment of multiple separate mitigation banking instruments. Consequently, mitigation sites will be more rapidly developed which will be beneficial to water quality and wildlife habitat, as well as being of service to the regulated public.

II.

OBJECTIVES

The objectives of this proposed umbrella mitigation bank are: 1) to provide appropriate compensatory mitigation for impacts to jurisdictional aquatic habitats such as streams and wetlands authorized under Sections 404 and 401 of the Clean Water Act and/or Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 within the watershed service area and, 2) to improve the water quality and wildlife habitat functions provided by the mitigation sites in a manner that would simultaneously address the specific mitigation needs of the mitigation sites and the larger aquatic needs of the watershed. This would be done by reestablishing the native habitats that would have likely existed on the mitigation sites before agricultural conversion and by increasing the quantity and quality of stream, wetland, buffer and upland habitat and the associated ecosystem functions. Typical anticipated mitigation activities include addressing stream bed and bank instability; reversing past stream channelization efforts by restoring natural stream channel alignment and/or cross section; riparian buffer restoration and enhancement; wetland restoration, rehabilitation, establishment and enhancement; and buffer and upland establishment and enhancement. The Sponsor shall then legally protect the mitigation sites as natural habitat in perpetuity.

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III.

ESTABLISHMENT AND OPERATION

A.

Umbrella Mitigation Bank Operation & Document Organization

The Final Umbrella Mitigation Banking Instrument will serve as a binding agreement regarding the establishment, use, operation and maintenance of the Bank and is made and entered into, by, and among the Sponsor and the members of the Interagency Review Team (the IRT). The IRT is chaired by the Kansas City District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (the Corps) and will also include as members the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), the Missouri Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) and the Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). The Final Umbrella Mitigation Banking Instrument will become valid on the date of the last signatory's signature. The Final Umbrella Mitigation Banking Instrument may be amended or modified with the written approval of all signatory parties as described in the Mitigation Rule at 33 CFR Part 332.8(d). The addition and approval of mitigation sites and the expansion of previously approved mitigation sites will be included as modifications (i.e., attachments) to the Final Umbrella Mitigation Banking Instrument using the procedures described in the Mitigation Rule at 33 CFR Part 332.8(g)(1). Any of the IRT members may terminate their participation upon written notification to all signatory parties. Participation of the IRT members will terminate 30 days after written notification. After Corps and IRT approval of mitigation sites the Sponsor shall perform the mitigation activities described in the mitigation plan of each mitigation site or as shown in any subsequent As-Built Figures and shall operate all mitigation sites in accordance with the provisions of the Final Umbrella Mitigation Banking Instrument and the corresponding mitigation plan. The Sponsor shall receive wetland credits and stream credits upon satisfaction of the ecological performance standards outlined in the Final Umbrella Mitigation Banking Instrument and/or the mitigation plan of each mitigation site. After all ecological performance standards have been met and after all credits have been released to the Sponsor, the Bank will have received the total number of wetland credits and stream credits stated in the mitigation plan of each mitigation site to use as compensatory mitigation for impacts to waters of the U.S., including wetlands, authorized by Sections 404 and 401 of the Clean Water Act and/or Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899. The amount of stream credits granted to the Sponsor will be determined by the Corps and IRT and will be proportionate to the amount of functional lift accomplished at the site which will be calculated through the use of the 2013 Missouri Stream Mitigation Method (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2013a) or any subsequently approved method of credit assessment. Wetland credits will be determined on an acreage 2 Swallow Tail, LLC

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basis depending on the type of mitigation activity (establishment, rehabilitation or enhancement) unless a new method of wetland credit assessment is adopted after the approval of the Final Umbrella Mitigation Banking Instrument. Credits will be sold to third parties at appropriate market rates to be determined by the Sponsor. The sale of these wetland credits and stream credits available at the mitigation sites only pertain to the mitigation requirements of the Department of the Army permit issued under the authorities of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and/or under Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 and any associated Section 401 water quality certification as administered by the State of Missouri. Additional mitigation requirements may be necessary to comply with other federal, state, and/or local statutes and regulations. Per Corps' and EPA's joint regulation for Compensatory Mitigation for Losses of Aquatic Resources (the Mitigation Rule) at 33 CFR 332.3(j)(1)(ii), proposed mitigation activities may address requirements of multiple regulatory programs and authorities for the same activity. This Prospectus addresses all requirements of a complete Prospectus as described in the Corps' Mitigation Banking Instrument Outline for Proposed Mitigation Banks within the State of Missouri (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2013) in addition to some supplemental information provided by the Sponsor. After this Prospectus has been placed on Public Notice and the public comments have been submitted to the Sponsor, the Sponsor will address those comments and submit the Draft Umbrella Mitigation Banking Instrument which will contain the necessary information required by the Mitigation Banking Instrument Outline for Proposed Mitigation Banks within the State of Missouri, including but not limited to baseline information, determination of credits, mitigation work plan, ecological performance standards, monitoring requirements, management plans, financial assurances, credit release schedule and default and closure provisions. An example letter of credit that would be used as financial assurances is included in Appendix A. The Corps and IRT will then have the opportunity to comment on the Draft Umbrella Mitigation Banking Instrument. The Sponsor will then incorporate the comments into the document and submit the Final Umbrella Banking Instrument for Corps and IRT review. The main body of the Final Umbrella Banking Instrument will discuss how the Bank will be established and operated and will include the following: · Location · Establishment and Operation · Current and Long-Term Ownership Arrangements and Long-Term Management Strategy · Sponsor Qualifications · Legal Responsibility for Compensatory Mitigation · Watershed Approach · Service Area 3 Swallow Tail, LLC

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· Mitigation Plan Guidelines o Objectives o Site Selection (General Discussion of Prioritization Criteria) o Site Protection Instrument o Determination of Credits (Methodology) o Operation and Maintenance Plan Guidelines o Common Ecological Performance Standards (Wetland Hydrology, Hydrophytic Vegetation, Hydric Soils, Desirable Vegetative Cover, Tree & Shrub Survival, Invasive Species, etc.) o Monitoring Requirement Guidelines o Long-Term Management Plan Guidelines o Adaptive Management Plan Guidelines o Financial Assurance Guidelines · Credit Release Schedule Guidelines · Accounting Procedures · Reporting · Default and Closure The mitigation plans for each mitigation site will be attachments to the Final Umbrella Banking Instrument. These mitigation plans will include the following: · Location (Including Map[s] and Shapefile) · Objectives · Site Selection (Including Descriptions of Existing Easements and Documentation of Acquisition and Protection of Water Rights) · Site Protection Instrument (If Different Than Instrument Main Body) · Baseline Information · Determination of Credits · Mitigation Work Plan · Operation and Maintenance Plan · Site-Specific Ecological Performance Standards (If Different Than Instrument Main Body) · Site-Specific Monitoring Requirements (If Different Than Instrument Main Body) · Site-Specific Long-term Management Plan (Including Legal Mechanism & Responsible Party) · Site-Specific Adaptive Management Plan · Financial Assurances · Credit Release Schedule · Other Information Required by the Corps

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B.

Nishnabotna / Platte EDU Wetland & Stream Umbrella Mitigation Bank

Initial Mitigation Site

The Sponsor has an initial mitigation site within the service area whose mitigation plan will be included in the Bank's Draft Mitigation Banking Instrument. The proposed Castile Creek Wetland & Stream Mitigation Site is approximately 299.80 acres in size and is located in the southeastern corner of Buchanan County, Missouri, at the confluence of the Platte River and Castile Creek. This mitigation site consists of agricultural lands bisected by Missouri Highway 116. This location is shown below in Figure 1 (ESRI, 2014a). Figure 2 shows an aerial photograph of the Bank along with its proposed boundaries (ESRI, 2014). Figure 1. Castile Creek Wetland & Stream Mitigation Site Location

N Castile Creek

Direction of Platte River Flow

Typical County Boundary

Mitigation Site

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Nishnabotna / Platte EDU Wetland & Stream Umbrella Mitigation Bank

Figure 2. Castile Creek Wetland & Stream Mitigation Site Aerial Photograph with Approximate Boundaries Approximate Mitigation Site Boundaries

Highway 116

Platte River

Castile Creek

Direction of Flow

N

The agricultural conversion of the Castile Creek Wetland & Stream Mitigation Site decreased the quantity and quality of wetland, in-stream, riparian and upland natural habitats on the site. Specifically, the agricultural activities resulted in the clearing of all of the original trees and the replacement of the native plant communities with agricultural row crop fields and second growth riparian buffers dominated by early and midsuccessional tree and shrub species. Riparian buffer widths have been dramatically reduced and 1.5 miles of levees have been built to significantly reduce flooding on more than 170 acres of the Platte River and Castile Creek floodplains, actions that had substantial ramifications to stream and riparian ecosystem functioning. In addition, the crop production on the site has contributed to the impaired water quality of the Platte River, Castile Creek and downstream waters by increasing sediment, chemical and nutrient inputs. Beyond the aquatic ecosystem functions gained through the restoration, establishment, enhancement and rehabilitation of hundreds of acres of riparian buffer, wetland and upland habitat, the Castile Creek Wetland & Stream Mitigation Site offers some exceptional opportunities for mitigation. These include breaching the Platte River and Castile Creek levees to restore floodplain connectivity to much of the site and restoring natural alignment and cross section to several floodplain ephemeral streams that have been previously removed or degraded by agricultural activities and levee construction. 6 Swallow Tail, LLC

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In addition, mitigation on Castile Creek is encouraged because that waterway qualifies as a primary priority area under the Missouri Stream Mitigation Method due to its status as a Designated Fish Spawning Area. This primary priority area designation is granted to "...streams [that] provide important contributions to biodiversity on an ecosystem scale or high levels of function contributing to landscape or human values" (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2013a). Also, the portion of the Bank along Castile Creek south of Highway 116 was considered by MDC as a high-level priority for their acquisition in order to protect the stream frontage within that area (Bayless & Travnichek, n.d., Table Lu05). Moreover, in their watershed inventory and assessment for the Platte River, MDC stated that they would focus their resources to preserve and improve riparian buffers within that watershed along Castile Creek and parts of Honey Creek because both of those streams have habitats unique within the Platte River basin (Bayless & Travnichek, n.d.). For all of the reasons stated above, the Castile Creek Wetland & Stream Mitigation Site has significant potential for wetland and stream mitigation. Additional details will be provided as a mitigation plan attachment to the Bank's Draft Mitigation Banking Instrument.

IV.

SERVICE AREA

The proposed service area of the Bank is the portion of the Central Plains / Nishnabotna / Platte Ecological Drainage Unit (EDU) within Missouri. This service area consists of the watershed of the Missouri River between the northwestern corner of the state to near downtown Kansas City. The primary tributaries to the Missouri River in this service area include the Nishnabotna River, the Tarkio River, the Nodaway River, the One Hundred and Two River, and the Platte River. The boundaries of this service area are shown below in Figure 3.

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Nishnabotna / Platte EDU Wetland & Stream Umbrella Mitigation Bank

Figure 3. Service Area Boundaries

Service Area

On a case-by-case basis the Corps, in consultation with the IRT, may approve mitigation credits to be sold to offset impacts from Department of the Army permit impacts that occur outside this service area. If determined appropriate, the Corps will determine the number of credits needed to be purchased in order to adequately replace the aquatic resources lost at the Department of the Army permit site. The EDUs within Missouri generally consist of the state's major watersheds. They are combinations of 8-digit Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) watersheds grouped together because of a common drainage area, geomorphology and aquatic species assemblages. As a result, all areas within an EDU contain aquatic species that are evolutionarily divergent from those in neighboring EDUs because of the distinct aquatic habitats that are unique to each EDU (Sowa et al., 2005). The concept of EDUs was originated by The Nature Conservancy's Freshwater Initiative with the goal of creating a meaningful geographic unit of ecologically similar drainage basins within which restoration and conservation sites can be selected to guarantee that target species and habitats are characterized across important environmental gradients. This commonality between the aquatic habitats within each of these major drainages makes the EDU an appropriate watershed boundary unit for centralized mitigation within Missouri.

V.

GENERAL NEED AND TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY

The service area is a Missouri watershed shown to be in need of restoration. All states were required by the federal government to write a Unified Watershed Assessment in 8 Swallow Tail, LLC

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Nishnabotna / Platte EDU Wetland & Stream Umbrella Mitigation Bank

order to formally measure and prioritize the restoration or protection need of water resources within all eight-digit HUC watersheds in each state. The State of Missouri Unified Watershed Assessment, which was created by a steering committee which included as members MDNR, the Center for Applied Research and Environmental Systems (CARES), the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), the U.S. Forest Service and the U.S. Department of Agriculture Farm Service Agency, ranked all of the 8digit HUCs in Missouri in terms of restoration priorities with a specific focus on watersheds in greatest need of restoration. The results of this analysis placed the Platte River subbasin (HUC 10240012) that contains the Bank as the 18th highest restoration priority out of the 66 8-digit HUCs in Missouri and stated that this subbasin had a moderate probability of rehabilitation. The factors that influenced the prioritization of this subbasin include the fact that atrazine is a significant pollutant; the moderate biological impairment by channel alterations, sedimentation and nonpoint sources; the fact that there are three public drinking water intakes; a high cropland erosion index; and one lake on the 303(d) Total Maximum Daily Load list (Missouri Unified Watershed Assessment Steering Committee, 1998). The Missouri Resource Assessment Partnership (MoRAP), a collection of University of Missouri employees who have produced a number of digital data and maps related to natural resources, has undertaken a thorough analysis of the type and severity of threats to aquatic resources throughout Missouri in order to create Human Stressor Index values for each small drainage area (Aquatic Ecological System). This analysis characterized the level of stress on riverine ecosystems across the state from eleven unique and fairly uncorrelated factors: percent urban cover, percent agricultural cover, number of introduced species, amount of hydrologic modification or fragmentation by major impoundments, population change between 1990 and 2000, number of small impoundments, density of stream road crossings, density of coal mines, density of NPDES permitted discharges, density of lead mines, and density of confined animal feeding operations (Sowa et al., 2005). While this analysis was focused solely on riverine ecosystems, the results can be safely extrapolated to be applicable to all aquatic resources. This is because the same stressors act similarly on stream, wetland and open water habitats due to the ecological parallels between these systems and the close physical, chemical and biological relationships between neighboring aquatic habitats. Additionally, the results from each Aquatic Ecological System can be combined to provide a thorough presentation of the type and severity of threats to aquatic resources within each service area. The aquatic resources in the proposed service area are highly stressed as almost all of the portion of the Central Plains / Nishnabotna / Platte EDU in Missouri is shown to be in the upper two levels of the Human Stressor Index. The locations of greatest aquatic stress are along the Nodaway River, the Missouri River downstream of its confluence with the 9 Swallow Tail, LLC

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Nodaway River, the One Hundred and Two River watershed, and the upper Platte River watershed. All of these areas are ranked in the top level of overall Human Stressor Index (Sowa et al., 2005). Assessing the service area as a whole, the median value for each stressor shows a relatively high level of stress from agricultural activities, a moderate to high level of disturbance from stream road crossings and a moderate to low level of stress from the number of introduced species, small impoundments, and the density of permitted discharges with a relatively low level of disturbance from all other stressors. There was relatively little variation in the level of disturbance caused by each individual aquatic threat across the service area as almost all of the service area was impacted by agriculture at the highest level possible. The One Hundred and Two River watershed and the area around Milton have the greatest amount of disturbance possible from both agriculture and small impoundments and the Nodaway River watershed is severely impacted by agriculture and the density of stream road crossings. The Aquatic Ecological System that contains the virtually all of the portion of the Kansas City metropolitan area in the service area had the highest possible rating for the density of stream road crossings and also had a moderate to high amount of impacts from percent urban cover, population change (i.e., land development), density of permitted discharges and number of small impoundments (Missouri Resource Assessment Partnership, 2005). The conclusions of the MoRAP analysis are corroborated by those of MDC and MDNR. In its watershed inventories and assessments for the Platte and Nodaway Rivers, MDC found that the main water quality problems in the Platte River watershed are soil erosion from agricultural lands and stream banks, minimal riparian buffers and modified stream flow patterns because of agricultural conversion. Channelization and the creation of levees has been widespread in the assessed watersheds (and throughout this service area), resulting in the direct loss of aquatic habitat, downcutting, significant erosion, and the hydrologic disconnection of rivers from their floodplains. All of these problems are agricultural in nature as the impact of nonpoint sources of pollution far outweighs that of point sources in this service area (Bayless & Travnichek, n.d. & Horton, Bayless & Kerns, n.d.). Additionally, according to MDNR (1996), the major water quality areas of concern in this service area are: · Atrazine and other herbicides are present in many drinking water reservoirs throughout the year (including Smithville Lake) and in streams used for potable water during summer and spring · Industrial spills and inadequate waste disposal in certain parts of the Kansas City metropolitan area are leading to areas of groundwater contamination of the alluvial aquifers · Channelization has impaired aquatic habitat quality throughout much of the Tarkio River, Nodaway River, Platte River, and One Hundred and Two River 10 Swallow Tail, LLC

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Based on the findings described above, the main threat to aquatic resources in this service area is agriculture, followed by stream road crossings and to a lesser degree introduced species, small impoundments and the density of permitted discharges, with a relatively low level of disturbance from all other stressors at the watershed level. Impacts to aquatic resources resulting from agricultural activities include insufficiently wide riparian buffers; non-point source pollution of nutrients, herbicides and pesticides; the conversion of wetlands; stream channelization, excessive sediment loads, and livestock damage. In developed areas, aquatic resources are impacted by such threats as increases in surface water flows and resulting erosion, stream channelization, wetland conversion and water pollution from point and nonpoint sources. The mitigation activities proposed as part of the Bank will address these watershed needs by converting agricultural ecosystems to the natural habitats that likely previously existed on the site; significantly reducing invasive species cover; widening riparian buffers; establishing large wetland areas that will treat nutrient, chemical and sediment pollution; and restoring natural stream channel alignments and cross sections. The proposed wetland and stream mitigation activities are technically feasible. As described later in this document, the Sponsor has a history of selecting mitigation sites that are ecologically suitable for stream and riparian buffer restoration. These locations have contained stretches of perennial, intermittent and ephemeral streams that have denuded and/or degraded riparian buffers and require in-stream restoration to re-establish proper channel cross section, remedy bank instability or reverse past channelization efforts which present great potential for restoring in-stream and riparian buffer habitat. In addition, the Sponsor's previously approved mitigation sites have had topography, soils and hydrology amenable to wetland restoration, establishment, rehabilitation and enhancement.

VI.

CURRENT AND LONG-TERM OWNERSHIP ARRANGEMENTS AND LONG-TERM MANAGEMENT STRATEGY

The Flick Family Irrevocable Trust will own the real estate containing each mitigation site, including the water rights and mineral rights, and the Sponsor will develop mitigation plans to establish, restore, rehabilitate, and enhance onsite streams, riparian buffers, wetlands, buffers and/or uplands at each mitigation site. There are no short-term or longterm plans to transfer title of each property to another party. It is the intention of the Sponsor to legally preserve the property as open space habitat in accordance with the terms of the long-term management plan included in the Final Umbrella Mitigation Banking Instrument and each mitigation site conservation easement. Conservation 11 Swallow Tail, LLC

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easements will be the legal means to ensure that each mitigation site remains as natural habitat in perpetuity. The conservation easements shall prohibit any development of the site and shall stay with the mitigation site property in the instance that the title to the property is transferred to another party. A draft conservation easement is included in Appendix B. The terms of the easement will be enforceable by the Corps and the Midwest Mitigation Oversight Association, a non-profit group that will hold the conservation easement and will monitor the Sponsor's compliance with the conditions of the easement. After the mitigation site is approved, copies of the finalized and recorded conservation easement shall be provided to the Corps. The Midwest Mitigation Oversight Association is a conservation-based non-profit corporation established in 2007 with the sole purpose of holding and monitoring natural resource mitigation conservation easements. The Midwest Mitigation Oversight Association has been approved by the Kansas City, St. Louis and Little Rock Districts of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers as a legally-binding recipient of conservation easements for mitigation sites and currently holds easements on thousands of acres of federal mitigation parcels in Missouri and Kansas. The board of directors consists of professionals whom all meet stringent requirements in order to be on the board, including the possession of a broad scientific background related to natural resources, conservation science or applied ecology. These board members have more than fifty combined years of professional natural resource experience in wetland and stream regulations, habitat maintenance and construction. The long-term management strategy for each mitigation site is to provide limited maintenance and management of the mitigation site as needed after all parties have determined that the mitigation site is successful and that more intensive monitoring and management is no longer necessary. Active management of each mitigation site will continue for a minimum of fifteen (15) years after approval of the mitigation site or until all credits from the mitigation site have been sold (unless the remaining credits are indefinitely suspended or removed), whichever is later. At that point, the ecosystems within the mitigation site will not require active management. Long-term management will commence at the end of the active management phase of mitigation site operation and will include continued maintenance of the mitigation site for purposes of such activities as controlling invasive species, maintaining water control berms, prevention of trespassing and removal of litter, as necessary. Costs associated with these activities will be paid for by the revenues from credit sales. It is the intent of the Sponsor to oversee the long-term management of each mitigation site in perpetuity, but should the Sponsor for any reason decide to transfer the long-term management of a mitigation site to a currently unknown entity, the Sponsor will notify the Corps prior to the transfer of the long-term management responsibilities. At that time the appropriate funding mechanism for a mitigation site, as outlined in the Mitigation Rule at 33 CFR 332.7(d), will be determined. 12 Swallow Tail, LLC

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Nishnabotna / Platte EDU Wetland & Stream Umbrella Mitigation Bank

VII. SPONSOR QUALIFICATIONS The Sponsor operates five existing approved wetland and stream mitigation banks within the Kansas City District of the Corps. Project descriptions of these mitigation banks are included in Appendix C. These approved wetland and stream mitigation banks together encompass roughly 474 acres and include more than 150 acres of floodplain wetland establishment, restoration and enhancement as well as many acres of wetlands established within riparian buffers that function solely as stream mitigation. These approved mitigation banks have also legally protected both sides of almost 4.7 miles of streams and more than 3.25 miles of streams on one side and have expanded riparian buffers on these streams with more than 223 acres of new riparian buffer plantings. The Sponsor also has four proposed wetland and stream mitigation banks in the Corps' Kansas City District and two proposed wetland and stream mitigation banks in the Corps' Little Rock District under current review that are either entirely or partially constructed. The design, construction, management and monitoring of these proposed mitigation banks further demonstrates the Sponsor's qualifications to perform mitigation related to wetland, riparian, stream and upland habitats. Specific to the design and construction of stream channel restoration projects, the Sponsor's approved Stranger Creek Wetland and Stream Mitigation Bank included the restoration of more than a half mile of two highly degraded farm ditches to their natural condition as intermittent stream channels with appropriate channel morphology and riparian buffers. Also as part of that project, a longitudinal peak stone toe bank stabilization was engineered and constructed along about 300 feet of Stranger Creek to address an area experiencing extreme erosion. In addition, willow plantings along perennial stream banks have been utilized at two of the Sponsor's approved mitigation banks in order to stabilize eroding stream banks utilizing natural methods. Services related to project planning and design as well as construction oversight and monitoring of the Bank will be contracted to the scientists and engineers at Terra Technologies, Inc. (Terra Technologies). Terra Technologies is an environmental engineering company with offices in Leawood, Kansas and St. Louis, Missouri. The firm has significant experience with compensatory mitigation projects with approximately 600 successful mitigation sites in Kansas and Missouri since the company's founding in 1992. Additionally, Terra Technologies has extensive expertise in the planning, design and construction of large-scale wetland and stream mitigation projects as the firm has designed and overseen construction of all of the Sponsor's approved and proposed mitigation banks. The licensed professional engineers and biologists at Terra Technologies have significant experience in stream design, restoration, stabilization and enhancement as they have 13 Swallow Tail, LLC

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designed stream improvements for many waterways throughout Missouri and Kansas including projects for the City of Leawood, Kansas; the City of Overland Park, Kansas; the City of Merriam, Kansas; the City of Shawnee, Kansas; the City of Lawrence, Kansas; the City of Independence, Missouri; the City of Blue Springs, Missouri; the City of St. Charles, Missouri; the Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District, and; the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Kansas City District among many others. In addition, Terra Technologies was also awarded the Conservation Award in 1999 from the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks Environmental Services Section for their work with municipalities and private entities.

VIII. ECOLOGICAL SUITABILITY Each mitigation site will be ecologically suitable as a large-scale wetland and/or stream mitigation site because of its location, baseline conditions, and mitigation opportunities. All of these aspects will be discussed in the mitigation plan for each mitigation site. Each of the Sponsor's approved mitigation banks have been ecologically suitable for wetland and stream mitigation based upon an assessment of such characteristics as each site's stream mitigation priority status, proximity to existing protected natural areas, topography, floodplain limits, soils, existing wetland and stream locations and boundaries, degree of ecological degradation, and resulting mitigation opportunities. The same factors will be evaluated for each of the Bank's mitigation sites.

IX.

WATER RIGHTS, MINERAL RIGHTS & EXISTING REAL ESTATE ENCUMBRANCES

Missouri is a state governed by riparian doctrine water law. As such, river and stream flows are not treated as property to be owned. Instead, riparian land owners have the right to use and enjoy those waters in a reasonable manner. These water rights are inextricably bound to the legal ownership of real estate property that borders or underlies waterways or is located above groundwater. Consequently, those water rights cannot be legally separated from the ownership of the riparian lands and sold to other entities as is the policy in many western states which typically utilize the prior appropriation doctrine (i.e., first in time, first in right) (Gaffney & Hays, 2000). The Flick Family Irrevocable Trust will hold the water rights on each mitigation site. There is no plan for irrigation or mechanized distribution of water at any mitigation site. All water necessary for wetland and/or stream mitigation will be attained by stream flows, precipitation, overland sheet flow and overbank flood flows based on the Flick Family Irrevocable Trust's water rights. In addition, the plant species proposed for each mitigation site will be native species and therefore generally drought resistant. 14 Swallow Tail, LLC

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The Flick Family Irrevocable Trust will also own all mineral rights on each mitigation site. Consequently, the potential for future mineral exploration or extraction will not threaten the long-term sustainability of each mitigation sites as the mitigation sites' conservation easements will prohibit mineral extraction. Additionally, any existing real estate encumbrances on each mitigation site will be disclosed to the Corps and IRT.

X.

REFERENCES

Bayless, M. and V. Travnichek. n.d. Platte River Watershed Inventory and Assessment. Missouri Department of Conservation. Retrieved from: http://mdc.mo.gov/yourproperty/greener-communities/missouri-watershed-inventory-and-assessment/platteriver/pdf-versi. Accessed on: September 26, 2014. ESRI. 2014. Imagery Basemap. Using: ArcGIS Explorer 2500: ESRI, Redlands, CA. ESRI. 2014a. National Geographic World Map, digital topographic basemap of the world. Using: ArcGIS Explorer 2500: ESRI, Redlands, CA. Gaffney, R., and Hays, C. 2000. Missouri State Water Plan Series Volume VII, A Summary of Missouri Water Laws. Missouri Department of Natural Resources' Division of Geology and Land Survey, Water Resources Report No. 51. Available at: http://www.dnr.mo.gov/pubs/WR51.pdf. Retrieved on September 11, 2013. Horton, R., M. Bayless, and H. Kerns. n.d. December 19, 2011. Nodaway River Watershed Inventory and Assessment. Missouri Department of Conservation. Retrieved from: http://mdc.mo.gov/landwater-care/stream-and-watershed-management/missouriwatersheds/nodaway-river. Accessed on: April 21, 2014. Missouri Resource Assessment Partnership. 2005. Missouri Aquatic Ecological System (AES) human stressor index (HSI) [Computer File]. Columbia, Missouri:­ University of Missouri. Retrieved from: ftp://ftp.gap.uidaho.edu/products/Aquatic/MO_Aquatic/GIS/ Ancillary/aes_human_stressor_matrix_index.dbf. Accessed on: December 14, 2011. Missouri Department of Natural Resources (MDNR). 1996. Missouri Water Quality Report 1996. Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Jefferson City, Missouri. Missouri Unified Watershed Assessment Steering Committee. 1998. State of Missouri unified watershed assessment final report. United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service, Columbia, Missouri. 15 Swallow Tail, LLC

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Sowa, S. P., D. D. Diamond, R. Abbitt, G. Annis, T. Gordon, M. E. Morey, G. R. Sorensen, and D. True. 2005. A Gap Analysis for Riverine Ecosystems of Missouri. Final Report, submitted to the USGS National Gap Analysis Program. 1675 pp. Retrieved from: http://morap.missouri.edu/index.php/aquatic-gap-pilot-project/; Fish of Missouri associated file available at: http://www.cerc.usgs.gov/morap/Assets/UploadedFiles/Projects/Aquatic_GAP_Pilot_Proj ect/Fish_of_Missouri.pdf; Mussels of Missouri associated file available at: http://www.cerc.usgs.gov/morap/Assets/UploadedFiles/Projects/Aquatic_GAP_Pilot_Proj ect/Mussels_of_Missouri.pdf. Accessed on: September 26, 2014. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 2013. Mitigation banking instrument outline for proposed mitigation banks within the State of Missouri. Retrieved from: http://www.nwk.usace.army.mil/Portals/29/docs/regulatory/mitigation/MOBankOutline(A pr2013).pdf. Accessed on: April 15, 2014. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 2013a. State of Missouri Stream Mitigation Method. Retrieved from: http://www.nwk.usace.army.mil/Portals/29/docs/regulatory/ mitigation/MSMM_May2013.pdf. Accessed on: May 16, 2014.

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APPENDIX A FINANCIAL ASSURANCES: LETTER OF CREDIT EXAMPLE

EXAMPLE

APPENDIX B SITE PROTECTION INSTRUMENT EXAMPLE

CONSERVATION EASEMENT THIS DEED OF CONSERVATION EASEMENT is given this _____ day of ____________, 20___, by _____________________________________________________, having an address of _________________________________________________________________ ("Grantor") to ___________________________________________________________, having an address of ____________________________________________________ ("Grantee"). As used herein, the term "Grantor" shall include any and all heirs, successors, or assigns of the Grantor, and all subsequent owners of the Property (as hereinafter defined), and the term "Grantee" shall include any successor or assignee of Grantee. WITNESSETH: WHEREAS, Grantor is the sole owner in fee simple title of certain lands situated in ___________ County, Missouri, more particularly described in Exhibit A, attached hereto and incorporated herein ("Property"); and WHEREAS, Department Permit No. _________________of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers ("Corps") (hereinafter referred to as the "Permit") authorizes certain activities which affect waters of the United States; and WHEREAS, the Permit requires that Grantor preserve, enhance, restore, or mitigate wetlands or uplands located on the Property; and WHEREAS, Grantor, in consideration of the issuance of the Permit to construct and operate the permitted activity, and as an inducement to the issuance of the Permit, is willing to grant a perpetual Conservation Easement over the Property; and NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the above and mutual covenants, terms conditions, and restrictions contained herein, together with other good and valuable consideration, the adequacy and receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, Grantor hereby voluntarily grants and conveys a perpetual Conservation Easement for and in favor of Grantee upon the property, which shall run with the land and be binding upon the Grantor, and shall remain in full force and effect forever. The scope, nature, and character of this Conservation Easement shall be as follows: 1. Purpose: The purpose of this Conservation Easement is to retain and maintain land or water areas on the Property in their natural, vegetative, hydrologic, scenic, open, or wooded condition and to retain such areas as suitable habitat for fish, plants, or wildlife. Those wetland or upland areas that are to be restored, enhanced, created, or preserved on the Property shall be retained and maintained in the restored, enhanced, created, or preserved condition as described in the Permit and/or in the associated compensatory mitigation plan for the Property. 2. Rights of Grantee: The following rights are conveyed to the Grantee and to the Corps by this easement:

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a. The right to take action to preserve and protect the environmental value of the Property; and b. The right to prevent any activity on or use of the Property that is inconsistent with the purpose of this Conservation Easement, and to require the restoration of areas or features of the Property that may be damaged by any inconsistent activity or use; c. The right to enter upon and inspect the Property in a reasonable manner and at reasonable times to determine if Grantor is complying with the covenants and prohibitions contained in this Conservation Easement; and d. The right to proceed at law or in equity to enforce the provisions of this Conservation Easement, and to prevent the occurrence of any of the prohibited activities hereinafter set forth. 3. Prohibited Uses: Except for restoration, creation, enhancement, preservation, maintenance, and monitoring activities, or surface water management improvements, required by the Permit, or required by the compensatory mitigation plan, or are otherwise approved by the Corps, the following activities are prohibited on the Property: a. Construction of any structure or object (i.e., buildings, roads, above or below ground utilities, signs, billboards etc.) without written approval from the Corps of Engineers prior to construction; b. Dumping or placing of soil or other substance or material as landfill, or dumping or placing of trash, waste, or unsightly or offensive materials; c. Removal or destruction of trees, shrubs, or other vegetation, except for the removal of nuisance, exotic, or non-native vegetation in accordance with a maintenance plan approved by Corps; d. Planting of nuisance, exotic, or non-native plants as listed by the State of Missouri; e. Exploration for, or extraction of, oil or gas in such a manner as to affect the surface, or excavation, dredging, or removal of coal, loam, peat, gravel, soil, rock, or other material substance; f. Use of motorized and non-motorized vehicles, the keeping or riding of horses, grazing, livestock confinement, or other surface use that may affect the natural condition of the Property, except for vehicle use for purposes of maintenance and upkeep; g. Tilling, plowing, planting of crops, digging, mining, or other activities that are or may be detrimental to drainage, flood control, water conservation, water quality, erosion

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control, soil conservation, or fish and wildlife habitat preservation, including but not limited to ditching, diking, and fencing; h. The extraction of water from the Property or the impoundment of water on the Property so as to affect the hydrology of the Property; i. Acts or uses detrimental to the aforementioned retention and maintenance of land or water areas; j. Acts or uses detrimental to the preservation of the structural integrity or physical appearance of sites or properties of historical, architectural, archaeological, or cultural significance. 4. Reserved Rights: Grantor reserves all rights as owner of the Property, including the right to engage in uses of the Property that are not prohibited herein, and that are not inconsistent with the intent and purposes of this Conservation Easement. 5. Taxes: Grantor shall pay any and all applicable real property taxes and assessments levied by competent taxing authority on the Property. 6. Maintenance: Grantor shall, at Grantor's sole expense, operate, maintain and keep up the Property consistent with the purpose of this Conservation Easement. Grantor shall remove from the Property any nuisance, exotic, or non-native plants as listed by the State of MISSOURI/KANSAS and shall maintain the hydrology of the Property as it currently exists or as otherwise required by the Permit or as required by the compensatory mitigation plan or as required by the Corps approved final mitigation banking instrument. 7. Hazardous Waste: Grantor covenants that if any hazardous substances or toxic waste exist or has been generated, treated, stored, used, disposed of, or deposited in or on the Property, or there are or have been any underground storage tanks on the Property, Grantor shall be responsible for any and all necessary costs of remediation. 8. Public Access: No right of access by the general public to any portion of the Property is conveyed by this Conservation Easement. 9. Liability: Grantor shall continue to retain all liability for any injury or damage to the person or property of third parties that may occur on the Property arising from ownership of the Property. Neither Grantor, nor any person claiming by or through Grantor, shall hold Grantee liable for any damage or injury that may occur on the Property. 10. Recording Requirements: Grantor must record this Conservation Easement in the official records of ____________ County, Missouri, and shall re-record it at any time Grantee or the Corps may require to preserve their rights. Grantor shall pay all recording costs, fees and taxes necessary at any time to record this Conservation Easement in the public records. Grantor shall thereafter insert the terms and restrictions of this Conservation Easement in any subsequent deed or other legal instrument by which Grantor divests himself/herself/itself of any interest in

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the Property, and shall provide a photocopy of the recorded Conservation Easement to the new owner(s). 11. Enforcement: The terms and conditions of this Conservation Easement may be enforced in an action at law or equity by the Grantee or the Corps against the Grantor violating or attempting to violate these Restrictions. Venue for any such action shall be in _____________ County, Missouri. Enforcement of this Conservation Easement shall be at the reasonable discretion of the Grantee or the Corps, and any forbearance on behalf of Grantee or the Corps to exercise its or their rights hereunder in the event of any breach by Grantor shall not be deemed or construed to be a waiver of rights. Any costs incurred in enforcing, judicially or otherwise, the terms, provisions, and restrictions of this Conservation Easement, including without limitation, the costs of suit, and attorney's fees, shall be borne by and recoverable against the non-prevailing party in such proceedings, except that such costs shall not be recoverable against the Corps. In addition, if the Grantee or the Corps shall prevail in an enforcement action, such party shall also be entitled to recover that party's cost of restoring the land to the natural vegetative and hydrologic condition existing at the time of execution of these Restrictions or to the vegetative and hydrologic condition required by the Permit and/or as required by the associated compensatory mitigation plan. 12. Assignment of Rights: Grantee shall hold this Conservation Easement exclusively for conservation purposes. Grantee will not assign its rights and obligations under this Conservation Easement, except to another legal entity qualified to hold such interests under applicable state and federal laws and committed to holding this Conservation Easement exclusively for the purposes stated herein. Grantee shall notify the Corps in writing of any intention to reassign this Conservation Easement to a new grantee at least sixty (60) days in advance thereof, and the Corps must accept the assignment in writing. The new grantee shall then deliver a written acceptance to the Corps. The assignment instrument must then be recorded and indexed in the same manner as any other instrument affecting title to real property and a copy of the assignment instrument shall be furnished to the Corps. Failure to comply with the assignment procedure herein stated shall result in invalidity of the assignment. In the event of dissolution of the Grantee or any successor, or failure for 60 days or more to execute the obligations of this Conservation Easement, the Grantee shall transfer this Conservation Easement to a qualified and willing grantee. Upon failure of the Grantee or any successor to so transfer the Conservation Easement, the Corps shall have the right to sue to force such an assignment to a grantee to be identified by the Court. 13. Successors: The covenants, terms, conditions, and restrictions of this Conservation Easement shall be binding upon, and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective personal representatives, heirs, successors, and assigns, and shall continue as a servitude running in perpetuity with the Property. 14. Notices: All notices, consents, approvals, or other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed properly given if sent by United States certified mail, return receipt requested, addressed to the appropriate party or successor-in-interest.

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15. Severability: If any provision of this Conservation Easement or the application thereof to any person or circumstances is found to be invalid, the remainder of the provisions of this Conservation Easement shall not be affected thereby, as long as the purpose of the Conservation Easement is preserved. 16. Alteration or Revocation: This Conservation Easement, granted in perpetuity, may be amended, altered, released, canceled, or revoked only by written agreement between the parties hereto or their heirs, assigns, or successors in interest, which shall be filed in the public records of ______________ County, Missouri. No action shall be taken, however, without advance written approval thereof by the Corps. Corps approval shall be by letter attached as an exhibit to the document amending, altering, canceling, or revoking the Conservation Easement, and said letter shall be informal and shall not require notarization. It is understood and agreed that Corps approval requires a minimum of sixty (60) days written notice, and that the Corps may require substitute or additional mitigation, a separate conservation easement or alternate deed restrictions, or other requirements as a condition of approval. Any amendment, alteration, release, cancellation, or revocation together with written Corps approval thereof shall then be filed in the public records of ______________ County, Missouri, within 30 days thereafter. 17. Controlling Law: The interpretation and performance of this Conservation Easement shall be governed by the laws of the State of Missouri. GRANTOR FURTHER COVENANTS that Grantor is lawfully seised of said Property in fee simple; that the Property is free and clear of all encumbrances that are inconsistent with the terms of this Conservation Easement and that no mortgages or other liens exist; that Grantor has good right and lawful authority to convey this Conservation Easement, and that it hereby fully warrants and defends the title to the Conservation Easement hereby conveyed against the lawful claims of all persons whomsoever. TO HAVE AND TO HOLD, the Grantor covenants that he, she, or they are vested with good title to the easement area and will warrant and defend the same on behalf of the Grantee against all claims and demands. The Grantor covenants to comply with the terms and conditions enumerated in this document for the use of the easement area and adjacent lands for access, and to refrain from any activity not specifically allowed or that is inconsistent with the purposes of this easement deed. The covenants, terms, conditions, restrictions, and purpose imposed with this Conservation Easement shall be binding upon Grantor, and shall continue as a servitude running in perpetuity with the Property. Dated this______day of______________, 20_____

Grantor(s):_______________________________________________ Print Name

_______________________________________________ Signature

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Signature(s) continued: ________________________________________________ Print Name

________________________________________________ Signature ACKNOWLEDGEMENT STATE OF MISSOURI COUNTY OF ________________________ On this day of in the year 20 , before me, the undersigned notary public, personally appeared , known to me to be the person(s) whose name(s) is/are subscribed to the within instrument and acknowledged that he/she/they executed the same for the purposes therein contained. In witness whereof, I hereunto set my hand and official seal.

Notary Public Residing at ___________________________________ _____________________________________________ My Commission Expires _______________________________________

ACCEPTANCE BY GRANTEE: I ______________________________(print name), _______________________ (title), being the duly authorized representative of the Grantee, do hereby accept this Conservation Easement Deed with respect to the rights and duties of the, Grantee. Dated this ______ day of ________________, 20____.

__________________________ Signature __________________________ Title

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APPENDIX C SPONSOR QUALIFICATIONS

SWALLOW TAIL, LLC Clear Fork Wetland & Stream Mitigation Bank Johnson County, Missouri Swallow Tail operates the 212-acre Clear Fork Wetland & Stream Mitigation Bank which will serve as compensatory mitigation for impacts to wetlands and streams across most of the Missouri portion of the Kansas City metropolitan area as well as much of the west-central part of the state. This former agricultural property includes over a mile of both sides of the Clear Fork of the Blackwater River and more than a mile and a third of tributary streams. Almost all of these streams were surrounded by row crop fields with only narrow riparian buffers and a stretch of Clear Fork more than 1,000 feet in length was entirely devoid of riparian vegetation along one side. The mitigation activities completed on the site have addressed the needs of the property and the watershed through the planting of 98 acres of new riparian buffers and the establishment of about 60 acres of herbaceous wetlands, 18 acres of forested wetlands and 5 acres of scrub-shrub wetlands. In addition, roughly 19 acres of existing riparian buffers were enhanced and about 10 acres of upland buffers were established or preserved. These habitat improvements will provide important water quality and wildlife habitat benefits. In particular, agricultural runoff from approximately 570 acres of surrounding farmland is diverted into the roughly 60 acres of contiguous wetlands in the southern portion of the mitigation bank which allows for significant pollutant removal, flood abatement and wildlife habitat creation. Additionally, because this mitigation bank is situated along Clear Fork between Knob Noster State Park and the Ralph and Martha Perry Memorial Conservation Area, it will serve as a valuable stopover point for wildlife traveling between these two important protected areas.

SWALLOW TAIL, LLC Osage Plains Wetland & Stream Mitigation Bank Cass County, Missouri Swallow Tail is the Sponsor of the first approved private wetland and stream mitigation bank in western Missouri. The primary restoration activities on this roughly 40-acre property included the widening of the riparian corridor of the East Branch of the South Grand River to 300 feet on one side for more than a half mile and the restoration and enhancement of about 20 acres of wetlands in a diversity of habitats and landscape positions. These improvements to water quality and wildlife habitat are used for compensatory mitigation for impacts to waters of the United States in the Central Plains / Osage / South Grand Ecological Drainage Unit which encompasses the upper portion of the Osage River watershed in Missouri. Swallow Tail recognized that the site, which had been in row crop production for decades, had a significant amount of local topographic variability and a favorable position in the landscape for wetland development. The enhancement of the site's intricate topography has led to a wide variety of microhabitats along a hydrologic gradient which allowed for the establishment of a high amount of botanical diversity because of Swallow Tail's extensive planting of a wide diversity of appropriate native plant species to match the unique topography, soil and hydrologic conditions of the site. The site receives almost 400 acres of local runoff from adjacent agricultural properties via several small streams that flow across the property into the East Branch of the South Grand River. By detaining much of that runoff in the site's restored and enhanced floodplain wetlands, the Sponsor was able to decrease the amount of nutrients, sediment and agricultural pollution that flows into the East Branch of the South Grand River and downstream waters, including Truman Lake and Lake of the Ozarks. In addition, the East Branch of the South Grand River floods the site at least annually so the development of a significant amount of floodplain wetlands on the site also provides some level of water quality improvement of those flood waters. Moreover, the excavation of the eastern floodplain areas and the creation of floodplain pools in the western half of the site has significantly increased the flood storage capacity of the property. Wildlife has responded very favorably to the restoration of the site's riparian, wetland and upland buffer habitats. A variety of frogs and salamanders now inhabit the site along with a diversity of waterfowl, wading birds, turtles and other species adapted to the shallow marsh habitat that is the site's dominant feature. The Bank has completed its final year of formal monitoring having met all of its performance standards successfully.

SWALLOW TAIL, LLC Sni-A-Bar Creek Wetland & Stream Mitigation Bank Jackson County, Missouri Swallow Tail restored this roughly 70-acre mitigation bank adjacent to Sni-A-Bar Creek, which is a primary tributary of the Missouri River. This site previously consisted of two row crop fields and a moderately thin existing riparian corridor along the stream. Some of the attributes of this property that made it a good candidate for restoration included its position in the floodplain, the long length of perennial streams along the periphery of the site and the presence of poorly drained hydric soils. In addition, the observation of several small degraded wetlands existing in shallow depressions was a sign of the potential of this site to support a much greater amount of wetlands under the right conditions. In order to improve water quality and wildlife habitat on the property, several activities were undertaken to restore the mitigation bank to its likely pre-settlement state. The riparian corridor of Sni-A-Bar Creek was widened to 300 feet on one side for more than a mile and the same was done to roughly 750 linear feet of an unnamed perennial tributary. Additionally, the connection between the stream and its floodplain was enhanced by creating multiple holes in two agricultural levees that regularly protected the farm fields from flooding. Roughly 27.5 acres of forested and herbaceous wetlands were established on the floodplain in order to provide water quality, wildlife habitat and flood abatement benefits. The increase in quality and quantity of stream, riparian and wetland ecosystems is being used as compensatory mitigation for unavoidable impacts to waters of the United States throughout the Central Plains / Blackwater / Lamine Ecological Drainage Unit which includes the watersheds of the primary tributaries to the Missouri River from Kansas City to midMissouri. Approved in 2009, this site is continuing to mature and progress through the appropriate stages of ecological succession that have been accelerated by Swallow Tail's planting of a diversity of early, mid- and late successional herbaceous and woody species throughout the site.

SWALLOW TAIL, LLC Stranger Creek Wetland & Stream Mitigation Bank Leavenworth County, Kansas Swallow Tail owns and operates the 65-acre Stranger Creek Wetland & Stream Mitigation Bank which has been approved as the first stream mitigation bank in Kansas and the first wetland mitigation bank outside of Johnson County. This property contains one side of a half mile of Stranger Creek, the largest tributary to the Lower Kansas River. Although it is listed by the State of Kansas as a High-Priority Fishery Resource, Stranger Creek is heavily impacted by agriculture in the vicinity of this property. Before the initiation of restoration activities, this parcel was a row crop farm field with relatively thin riparian corridors along Stranger Creek and an intermittent tributary. The Stranger Creek stream bank was highly eroded along a portion of this property and two small intermittent streams that carry runoff from the adjacent agricultural properties across the site had been previously channelized into functionally impaired drainage ditches. As a result of these factors and the presence of similar conditions throughout its watershed, Stranger Creek is listed as being impaired biologically by excess nutrients and/or sediments downstream of this restoration site. Swallow Tail recognized the restoration potential of this site and initiated several important ecological improvements. These included reducing stream bank erosion along Stranger Creek by constructing a 300-foot long longitudinal peaked stone toe bank stabilization project and planting willow cuttings along 1,800 feet of the Stranger Creek bank, widening the Stranger Creek riparian corridor to 300 feet, creating or restoring more than 18 acres of floodplain wetlands and restoring more than 3,000 linear feet of the channelized intermittent streams to natural stream channels in their likely historic alignment with 200-foot wide riparian corridors. As a result of these restoration activities, this mitigation bank is reducing the amount of nutrients and sediment flowing to Stranger Creek across the property, is providing additional flood storage capacity and is acting as valuable habitat for wildlife. After only two full growing seasons, the site is supporting a variety of reptiles, amphibians, waterfowl and wading birds. The ecological restoration and enhancement of the wetland and stream habitats on this property are being used as compensation for impacts to those habitats in much of northeastern Kansas, including most of Johnson County.

SWALLOW TAIL, LLC Camp Branch Wetland & Stream Mitigation Bank Cass County, Missouri Swallow Tail owns and operates an 87-acre wetland and stream mitigation bank located along more than a mile of the Camp Branch of Big Creek south of the Kansas City metropolitan area. The mitigation activities on this property serve as compensation for impacts to wetlands and streams in the unglaciated portion of the Osage River watershed within Missouri which encompasses the very west-central part of the state. Before the Sponsor's mitigation activities much of this property existed as a mixture of farm fields, stream corridors and bottomland woods. The landscape position of this site within the floodplain has resulted in the presence of hydric soils throughout almost all of the property and a large number of small wetlands continued to exist despite many years of agricultural activity. All of these qualities along with relatively thin riparian corridors made this site very suitable for wetland and stream restoration and enhancement. Camp Branch is listed as potentially impaired by habitat degradation because of rural non-point source pollution, which means that there is some indication of impairment but there is not enough data to properly list the stream as officially impaired. The upper Osage River watershed which includes Camp Branch has been largely converted to agricultural land uses and stream channelization, levee construction, impoundment and the clearing of riparian corridors have been common practices. These activities have resulted in stream incision, loss of floodplain connectivity, loss of stream and wetland habitats and excess sediment and nutrient levels in waterways. In response to the needs of the watershed, this mitigation bank includes more than ten acres of floodplain wetlands and in excess of forty acres of newly planted riparian buffer. Existing riparian buffers have been enhanced and almost two miles of streams have been protected on both sides with another third of a mile protected on one side. These additional riparian buffers and wetlands will help to absorb and filter sediment and agricultural pollution from more than 350 acres of adjacent agricultural land that drains across the site and from flood flows from Camp Branch. Additionally, the restored habitats which were constructed in 2009 provide high quality habitat to a number of wildlife species.

INTRODUCTION Terra Technologies Inc. is an innovative consulting firm with a focus on Clean Water Act Section 404 and 401 permitting and compensatory mitigation as well as biotechnical and environmental engineering. This focus requires an extensive amount of horticultural and biological expertise that also has application in a broad range of areas including large and small scale wetland and stream system development, wildlife habitat enhancement projects, ecologically-sensitive stream stabilization design and environmental remediation. The scientists and engineers at Terra Technologies provide a wide array of services including Clean Water Act 404/401/402 permit applications, compensatory mitigation design, rare and endangered species audits, environmental investigations, development of erosion and sediment control plans, and rain garden/natural stream channel design. Terra Technologies has successfully completed numerous biotechnical design projects across the Midwest. No less than 40 mitigation, constructed wetland, and stream bank stabilization projects are currently in construction or design in the greater St. Louis, Columbia, and Kansas City areas. Our scientists will also perform 100+ wetland delineations, covering approximately 15,000 development acres annually. Terra Technologies combines the skills and experience of licensed professional engineers with the fields of wetland ecology, horticulture, soil bioengineering, stream geomorphology, agrohistology, botany, wildlife biology and agronomy. This unique combination allows for the consideration and implementation of a broad range of solutions for Clean Water Act permitting, compensatory mitigation and storm water problems in both urban and rural areas. With a professional staff of experienced scientists and engineers, our clients have the advantage of diversified resources and the expertise of the entire firm. Terra Technologies has been involved with numerous compensatory mitigation projects, including several large wetland and stream mitigation banks. Our design approach considers the existing site topography, hydrology, soils, and vegetation and then increases the amount of surface hydrology

through the manipulation of water inputs and the creation of extensive and varied microtopography. This microtopography creates a variety of hydrologic gradients within the onsite soils which leads to a diversity of microhabitats that support a wide diversity of plant life. All compensatory projects are seeded and planted with a large number of appropriate native herbaceous and woody species. Our firm also has extensive expertise with stream stabilization and restoration projects. Terra Technologies can specify and implement a variety of materials and techniques including erosion control blankets, turf reinforcing matrices, wire reinforced turf reinforcing matrices, geocellular confinement, biogabions, preplanted coir fiber logs, landscaped open-face modular wall systems, articulated concrete block systems, pool and riffle systems, bonded fiber matrices, and others. Terra Technologies constantly looks at new applications for existing products that can be used for biotechnical solutions. When appropriate, pure vegetative stabilization approaches can also be effective. In all of our compensatory mitigation approaches Terra Technologies strives to provide long term solutions that work with, rather than against, natural environmental processes. The key to any compensatory mitigation project is the long-term establishment of appropriate site hydrology as well as self-sustaining and low maintenance vegetation that is indigenous to the area. If the vegetation fails to establish, the long-term success of the project is in serious question. Pioneering vegetation often invades the initial establishment phase but is usually considered undesirable over the long term. Many of the initial plant materials mature and die within the first few growing seasons or dominate the environment such that more desirable plant materials cannot become established. A mature restoration project should contain

a balanced mix of desirable riparian vegetation and grasses that do not require extensive maintenance to preserve the balance and control undesirable vegetation. Therefore, a complete understanding of the succession of plant communities is necessary to assure the long-term success of the project. Terra Technologies brings the necessary knowledge of agrohistology, horticulture, soil bioengineering, and botany to the project to assure long-term success.

Terra Technologies is comprised of highly qualified professionals with extensive experience and a range of engineering and scientific disciplines. We are recognized by our clients for providing value-added environmental engineering alternatives while responding rapidly to clients' needs. In total, more than 600 mitigation projects have been completed since the Company was founded in 1992.

PUBLIC NOTICE Permit No.: NWK-2014-1124 Issue Date: October 26, 2015 Expiration Date: November 25, 2015

US Army Corps of Engineers Kansas City District

30-Day Notice ______________________________________________________________________________ This public notice is issued jointly with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Water Pollution Control Program. The Department of Natural Resources will use the comments to this notice in deciding whether to grant Section 401 water quality certification. Commenters are requested to furnish a copy of their comments to the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, P.O. Box 176, Jefferson City, Missouri 65102. BANK SPONSOR: Swallow Tail, LLC 24820 Miller Road Harrisonville, MO 64701 PROJECT LOCATION (As shown in the bank prospectus): The proposed mitigation bank property is located at the confluence of Castile Creek and the Platte River in Sections 24, 25, and 26, Township 55 North, Range 34 West, Buchanan County, Missouri. A portion of the bank property is located north of State Highway 116 and a larger portion of the property is located on the south side of State Highway 116. Latitude: 39.552889 --- Longitude: -94.667056 (Center point) USGS QUADRANGLE - Edgerton AUTHORITY: Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 USC 1344). ACTIVITY (As described in the bank prospectus): The bank sponsor proposes to convert approximately 300 acres of agricultural cropland to the restoration of aquatic habitats. The proposed habitats include the restoration of forest and grassland riparian zones (buffers) along the existing stream channels and restoring meanders to previously straightened channels (ditches) within the cropland area. Additionally, the sponsor proposes to establish wetlands in areas previously cropped and the sponsor proposes to rehabilitate and enhance the existing wetland areas on the property by removing invasive, non-native, species. Additionally, the sponsor will breach the existing flood protection levees in order to allow for flood waters from the Platte River and from Castile Creek to spread across the 300 acre mitigation bank property. WETLANDS/AQUATIC HABITAT: The bank sponsor has identified 33 existing wetland areas on the bank property. These wetland areas total approximately 79 acres of the approximate 300 acre property.

APPLICANT'S STATEMENT OF AVOIDANCE, MINIMIZATION, AND COMPENSATORY MITIGATION FOR UNAVOIDABLE IMPACTS TO AQUATIC RESOURCES: The bank sponsor proposes to avoid and minimize the discharge of fill material into existing waters of the United States, including the existing wetlands. Discharges of fill material will be limited to those required to establish sufficient wetland hydrology and will be limited to the construction of low berms, ditch plugs, in-stream grade control/stabilization structures, and if necessary the placement of riprap for bank stabilization. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: Additional information about this application may be obtained by contacting Mr. Douglas Berka, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 601 East 12th Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64106, telephone: 816-389-3657 or email at douglas.r.berka@usace.army.mil. All comments to this public notice should be directed to the above postal or email address. The complete bank prospectus can be reviewed on the Kansas City District's Regulatory Branch webpage at: http://www.nwk.usace.army.mil/Media/PublicNotice. Also available for review on our webpage is an assessment of the current baseline conditions at the proposed bank property. CULTURAL RESOURCES: Kansas City District will comply with the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 and 36 CFR 800. We have checked the National Register of Historic Places and the Federal Register and no property listed in the Register or proposed for listing is located in the permit area. This is the extent of our knowledge about historic properties in the permit area at this time. However, we will evaluate input by the State Historic Preservation Officer, Tribal Historic Preservation Officers (or Tribe designated representative) and the public in response to this public notice, and we may conduct or require a reconnaissance survey of the permit area to check for unknown historic properties, if warranted. ENDANGERED SPECIES: In compliance with the Endangered Species Act, a preliminary determination has been made that the described work will not affect species designated as threatened or endangered or adversely affect critical habitat. In order to complete our evaluation of this activity, comments are solicited from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and other interested agencies and individuals. FLOODPLAINS: This activity is being reviewed in accordance with Executive Order 11988, Floodplain Management, which discourages direct or indirect support of floodplain development whenever there is a practicable alternative. By this public notice, comments are requested from individuals and agencies that believe the described work will adversely impact the floodplain. WATER QUALITY CERTIFICATION: Section 401 of the Clean Water Act (33 USC 1341) requires that all discharges of dredged or fill material into waters of the United States, including wetlands, must be certified by the appropriate state agency as complying with applicable effluent limitations and water quality standards. The project described in this public notice will be evaluated in order to determine if any proposed discharge of dredged or fill material into a water of the United States meets the conditions described in Nationwide Permit (NWP) No. 27. The Missouri Department of Natural Resources has issued Section 401 Water Quality Certification for all projects authorized by NWP 27 in Missouri. This certification expresses the state's opinion that a discharge of appropriate fill into a water of the United States, including wetlands, will not violate applicable water quality standards.

PUBLIC INTEREST REVIEW: The decision to issue a permit will be based on an evaluation of the probable impact including the cumulative impacts of the proposed activity on the public interest. That decision will reflect the national concern for both protection and utilization of important resources. The benefits which reasonably may be expected to accrue from the proposal must be balanced against its reasonably foreseeable detriments. All factors which may be relevant to the proposal will be considered including the cumulative effects thereof; among those are conservation, economics, esthetics, general environmental concerns, wetlands, cultural values, fish and wildlife values, flood hazards, floodplain values, land use, navigation, shoreline erosion and accretion, recreation, water supply and conservation, water quality, energy needs, safety, food and fiber production, mineral needs and, in general, the needs and welfare of the people. The evaluation of the impact of the activity on the public interest will include application of the guidelines promulgated by the Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency under authority of Section 404(b) of the Clean Water Act (33 USC 1344). The Corps of Engineers is soliciting comments from the public; Federal, state, and local agencies and officials; Indian Tribes; and other interested parties in order to consider and evaluate the impacts of this proposed activity. Any comments received will be considered by the Corps of Engineers to determine whether to issue, modify, condition or deny a permit for this proposal. To make this decision, comments are used to assess impacts on endangered species, historic properties, water quality, general environmental effects, and the other public interest factors listed above. Comments are used in preparation of an Environmental Assessment and/or an Environmental Impact Statement pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act. Comments are also used to determine the need for a public hearing and to determine the overall public interest of the proposed activity. COMMENTS: This notice is provided to outline details of the above-described activity so this District may consider all pertinent comments prior to determining if issuance of a permit would be in the public interest. Any interested party is invited to submit to this office written facts or objections relative to the activity on or before the public notice expiration date. Comments both favorable and unfavorable will be accepted and made a part of the record and will receive full consideration in determining whether it would be in the public interest to issue the Department of the Army permit. Copies of all comments, including names and addresses of commenters, may be provided to the applicant. Comments should be mailed to the address shown on page 2 of this public notice. PUBLIC HEARING: Any person may request, in writing, prior to the expiration date of this public notice, that a public hearing be held to consider this application. Such requests shall state, with particularity, the reasons for holding a public hearing.